【正文】 xt to them are the speakers, close relatives, family members, intimate friends, colleagues and neighbors in succession. When paying respects to the remains after the ceremony, the close relatives take the lead and then stand by the side of the remains, receiving the condolences from other people. 儀式結(jié)束后，遺體就送往焚燒間進(jìn)行火化，其殘存的骨灰有的短期寄存在殯儀館，有的進(jìn)入公墓安葬。After the ceremony, the remains are carried to the burning room for cremation. Some people deposit the remaining ashes at the funeral home and some bury them at the cemetery. 公墓出售的墳?zāi)褂行┦鞘孪冉ㄔ旌玫某善纺?，有的是按墓主要求專門設(shè)計(jì)建造的定制墓。在中國墓地的面積是有限制的，葬遺體的墓地可以有占地4平方米，而葬骨灰的墓只允許1平方米。Some of the graves sold at the cemetery are finished ones and some are customized ones that are specially designed upon request of the grave owners. In China, the area of the graveyard is restricted: the graveyard burying the remains may occupy 4 square meters and the graveyard burying the ashes is only permitted to cover 1 square meter. 葬禮之后，公墓要負(fù)責(zé)墳?zāi)购湍箙^(qū)的維護(hù)。每年4月5日是清明節(jié)，這是一個(gè)法定假日，全家人會(huì)聚集起來到公墓祭掃自己的親人。這一天會(huì)有數(shù)十萬甚至上百萬人口以及大量的車輛流動(dòng)，中國人把它看作是一個(gè)“感恩節(jié)”。公墓也會(huì)在這期間舉行各種服務(wù)客戶的活動(dòng)。After the funeral, the cemetery takes responsibility for the maintenance of the grave and the graveyard. April 5 each year is Tombsweeping Day, which is a legal holiday. The whole family will get together to pay respects to the deceased at the cemetery. This day, hundreds of thousands or even millions of people as well as large quantities of vehicles will be flowing on the way. Chinese people regard it as “Thanksgiving Day”, during which time the cemetery will organize various activities to serve its clients. 【經(jīng)營變革】近些年殯儀館響應(yīng)政府關(guān)注民生的號(hào)召，同時(shí)也是針對(duì)社會(huì)的批評(píng)，推出了低價(jià)的服務(wù)套餐和低價(jià)的商品，充分尊重客戶的知情權(quán)和選擇權(quán)，還對(duì)困難的群體提供免費(fèi)的服務(wù)。 [Change of Business] These years, to answer the call of the government to pay attention to the people’s livelihood and respond to the criticism of society, funeral homes have offered cheap service packages and modities, fully respected the clients’ rights to know and to choose, and provided free services for the group of people with difficulties. 服務(wù)也變得更加周全和貼心，有些殯儀館以全程陪同服務(wù)替代了以前的柜臺(tái)式服務(wù)，各種個(gè)性化的服務(wù)要求可以得到充分的滿足，殯儀館人員甚至可以帶上筆記本電腦上門（到家里）辦理殯葬業(yè)務(wù)。The services have bee more thorough and considerate. Some funeral homes offer wholeprocess services to replace the former counter services. Different individualized service requirements can be fully satisfied. The staff members of funeral homes can even bring their notebook puters to handle funeral business in clients’ homes. 經(jīng)營的內(nèi)容也日益豐富，有些殯儀館自身還經(jīng)營鮮花、奏樂、餐飲、儀仗和代理租車、攝影、公墓等相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)。很多其他領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)營項(xiàng)目也逐漸移植到殯儀館，如用視頻制作的“人生小電影”、利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的殯殮儀式轉(zhuǎn)播、飯店式服務(wù)的“守靈”服務(wù)等。The contents of business are increasingly rich. Some funeral homes do business in fresh flowers, playing music, catering, and marching band, as well as act as agents for vehicle rental, photographing and cemeteries. Many business items seen in other fields have gradually been transformed into funeral homes, for example, the “l(fā)ife movie” produced with the video technology, broadcasting funeral rites on the internet, and keeping a vigil over the remains, which is the hoteltype service. 服務(wù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)日益受到重視。許多殯儀館和公墓引進(jìn)先進(jìn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理體系，通過了ISO9000和ISO14000國際認(rèn)證，國家民政部近期也發(fā)布了7個(gè)殯葬服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在全國行業(yè)中推薦執(zhí)行。The standardization development of services is attached greater importance to. Many funeral homes and cemeteries have introduced the advanced standard control systems and are ISO9000 and ISO14000 certified. Recently the Ministry of Civil Affairs has published seven standards for funeral services, which are remended for execution in the funeral industry nationwide. 【三、殯葬服務(wù)業(yè)的未來】最后，對(duì)未來的殯葬服務(wù)做一些展望。 [III. The Prospect of Funeral Services] Finally, I’d like to present you some prospects for future funeral services. 【經(jīng)營格局】中國的殯葬服務(wù)市場(chǎng)將日益開放，由于有新的成員的加入，原有的政府主導(dǎo)的經(jīng)營格局將會(huì)發(fā)生變化，投資和經(jīng)營的主體將會(huì)呈現(xiàn)多元化的現(xiàn)象，殯葬市場(chǎng)將會(huì)重新分割，服務(wù)資源也會(huì)重新整合。 [Business Structure]China’s funeral service market will be increasingly open. With new members entering into the market, the business structure originally dominated by the government will undergo changes, the subjects of investment and operation will be diversified, the funeral market will be resegmented, and the service resources will be reintegrated.現(xiàn)有的很多殯儀館將會(huì)回歸到提供殯葬基本服務(wù)的非營利的狀態(tài)，由政府承擔(dān)必要的運(yùn)營經(jīng)費(fèi)；另一些殯儀館則按照市場(chǎng)規(guī)律拓展業(yè)務(wù)，進(jìn)而形成跨區(qū)域的殯葬經(jīng)營集團(tuán)。Many of the existing funeral homes will return to the nonprofit status, in which the basic funeral services are provided, and the government will bear the necessary operating cost。 other funeral homes will expand their business in accordance with the market law, thus forming crossregional funeral business group. 已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的大量小型服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)將會(huì)催生更多的小規(guī)模殯儀館，每個(gè)殯儀館的服務(wù)規(guī)模趨向合理，就像現(xiàn)在的美國、加拿大和歐洲各國，每個(gè)城市會(huì)有數(shù)十個(gè)殯儀館。The large amounts of smallscaled services that have already e into being will hasten the appearance of more small funeral homes. The services offered by each funeral home will tend to be reasonable, and just like the present situations in America, Canada and European countries, each city will have dozens of funeral homes. 【文化殯葬】中國有個(gè)思想家叫于光遠(yuǎn)，他提出了“殯、葬、傳”，認(rèn)為殯葬行業(yè)在“殯葬”服務(wù)以外還應(yīng)提供對(duì)逝者的“傳承”服務(wù)，就是要通過多種形式讓活著的人銘記并發(fā)揚(yáng)逝者的精神。 [Cultural Funeral] China has a thinker called Yu Guangyuan, who puts forward an idea of “funeral, interment and inheritance”, thinking that apart from “funeral and interment” services, the funeral industry should provide services to “inherit” the deceased, that is, to get the people alive to remember and carry forward the spirit of the deceased. 于是很多富有文化內(nèi)涵的活動(dòng)形式被創(chuàng)造出來，“生命事跡墻”、 “人生紀(jì)念冊(cè)”、“傳記文學(xué)”、“花籃文學(xué)”、“墓碑文學(xué)”、“時(shí)光郵局”等，將會(huì)被更多的人所接受，從而形成新的殯葬服務(wù)內(nèi)容。As a result, many activities full of cultural connotation are created. “Life story wall”, “l(fā)ife autograph book”, “biographical literature”, “flower basket literature”, “gravestone literature”, “time post office” and the like will be accepted by more people and bee new contents of funeral services. 隨著支付能力的提升，人們追求有更濃的文化韻味和更美的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)，殯儀、葬禮、用品、墓地等將告別單調(diào)、粗陋，走向靜雅、精致和精美。With the enhancement of payment capacity, people are beginning to pursue stronger cultural charm and prettier artistic expression. Funeral services