【導(dǎo)讀】它可改換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但介詞結(jié)構(gòu)使句子言。簡(jiǎn)意賅，避免過(guò)多地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在句中常作表語(yǔ)，也可作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。常見的這類under短語(yǔ)還有：。underattack在進(jìn)攻中，underarrest在關(guān)押中，investigation在調(diào)查中，underrepair在修理中，underreview在審議中undertreatment在醫(yī)治中，還有一些介詞，如in,on,for,above,beyond,請(qǐng)看如下句子和兩。如上述句1句2。系表結(jié)構(gòu)的又如以下例句。句子的主語(yǔ)也是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)。動(dòng)或被動(dòng)式，一般說(shuō)來(lái)無(wú)意義上的不同)。表示被動(dòng)含義，等于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。repaired).自行車需要修理了。look)用主動(dòng)形式表示被意思。

　　

【正文】 /on/…+which。 Where=in/at/on/…+which。 Why=for /…+which is the factory where(in which)my father once worked. is the reason why(for which) he was late. 五、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定從中的不同成分 a、 This is the place where he works. This is the place which(that)we visited last year. b、 That was the time when he arrived. Do you still remember the days that (which)we spent together? c、 This is the reason why he went. The reason that (which)he gave us was quite reasonable. is the hotel_______ we will stay at. is the hotel_______ we will stay. is the hotel__________ we will stay. is the hotel_________we will visit. hotel is_______________ we will stay at. hotel is_______________ we will visit. hotel is___________ we will stay. hotel is___________ we will visit. that where at which that,which the one that the one that where what 定語(yǔ)從句中需注意事項(xiàng) of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +關(guān)系代詞 +動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù) the (only) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +關(guān)系代詞 +動(dòng)詞單數(shù) The Great Wall is one of the worldfamous building that draw lots of visitors. He is the only one of the students who know Russian in our school. ? ， 但 what從句可與 that定語(yǔ)從句互換 。 Tell me anything that you know. Tell me what you know. Tell me anything what I know.( ) I want to give you all(that)I have. I want to give you what I have. I want to give you all what I have.( ) 限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào) 隔開 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思完整 .一般 用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開 引導(dǎo)詞：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，不用 that,不能省略 引導(dǎo)詞： 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作 賓語(yǔ) 時(shí)一些關(guān)系代詞 可以省略 The man who came here yesterday has e again. My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank. , whose leg was badly hurt, was taken to hospital quickly. The boss in whose department worked had heard about the accident. you still remember the day _______I first came to Beijing? A. which B. that C. when D. where ’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago. A. where B. that C. which D. what is not the woman _________ she was before. A. what B. that C. who D. as C A B . wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, _____I found quite strange. A. which B. that C. what D. when came to a place ____________ they had never paid a visit before. A. to where B. to which C. that D. which often helps the students __________ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because A B B 7. The baby _________is not hers. A. of that she is taking good care B. who she is taking good care C. of who she is taking good care D. whom she is taking good care of 8The high building ______ is a big hotel. are looking at it B. we looking C. at that we are looking D. we are looking at D D 9. There is a popular belief among parents ___________ schools don’t pay any attention to handwriting. A. whose B. that C. which D. in which 10. Was _______Bill, _____________ played football well, _________ helped the blind man cross the road? Yes, you are right. He is always ready to help others. A. it。 that。 who B. which。 that。 that C. it。 who。 that D. who。 which,that B C 11. The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earthquakes can be forecast. A, to prove to B. to proves to C. proves to D. which proved 12. It was at the school _________ was named after a hero _____________ he spent his childhood. A. which。 that B. where。 where C. that。 where D. which。 where B A 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ? 一．語(yǔ)氣的定義和種類。 ? 1 語(yǔ)氣 (mood) 語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。 ? 2 語(yǔ)氣的種類 a. 陳述語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如： ? There are two sides to every 題都有兩個(gè)方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎？ How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老師??！ ? b. 祈使語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。如： Never be late again!再也不要遲到了。 Don’t fet to turn off the 。 ? c. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the 一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。 I wish I could pass the 能通過(guò)考試。 May you succeed!祝您成功！ ? 二．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的用法。 條件從句有兩類，一是真實(shí)條件句，另一是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實(shí)條件句，這種情況下謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如： ? If time permits, we’ll go fishing 間允許，我們就一起去釣魚。 ? 如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如： If you had e yesterday, you would have met that famous ，你就會(huì)見到那位著名的教授了。（隱含的事實(shí)是：你昨天沒來(lái)，也沒見到那位著名教授）。 ? 在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，現(xiàn)將其形式列表如下 ? 1．表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如： If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你，我就會(huì)告訴他真相了。（事實(shí)上我不是你） If she had time, she would(could, might)help ，她就會(huì)幫我了。（事實(shí)上她沒有時(shí)間） ? 2 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如： If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might)have telephoned 了你的電話號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)給你打電話了。（事實(shí)上我昨天不知道你的電話號(hào)碼。） ? If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the ，你就不會(huì)考試不及格。（事實(shí)上你根本沒聽我的。） ? 3 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如： If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be ，莊稼可能就收獲了。 What would happen if I put the paper on the fire? It would burn. 我若把只放在火上會(huì)怎么樣？ 紙會(huì)燒著。 ? 注：在表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的條件從句中，were to + 動(dòng)詞原形比較正式，常用于書面語(yǔ)中。如： If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square. ? 三．虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其它用法。 ? 1 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法。 在“ It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that…” 這類句型中， that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 “ (should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意義。如： It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. 重要的是每個(gè)北京人能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 有必要馬上把他送醫(yī)院。 ?