【正文】 l clothing.　　　　31. underlie 潛存于…之下　　[大綱詞匯] underlying ，潛在的；在下面的　　[衍生詞匯] underlie ，潛存于…之下　　[經(jīng)典例句] Many facts underlay my decision.　　　　32. interrelationship 互相之間的關(guān)系　　[構(gòu)詞方法] inter前綴，表示互相，在…之間　　[聯(lián)想記憶] interact interdependent 　　　　33. draw conclusion 下結(jié)論　　[經(jīng)典例句] He drew the final conclusion through careful analysis.　　　　34. distinguish 分辨　　[大綱詞匯] distinguish v.（from）區(qū)分，辨別；辨認(rèn)出；使杰出　　[經(jīng)典例句] It is very hard to distinguish the two colors.　　　　35. keep up 保持　　[大綱詞匯] keep up 保持，維持；繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，堅(jiān)持　　[經(jīng)典例句] The lady always keep up her genuine warmth to people.　　　　全文翻譯　　　　去美國(guó)訪問的人經(jīng)常帶回報(bào)告說，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人對(duì)他們友善、好客、樂于助人。公正的說，人們對(duì)加拿大人也有這樣的評(píng)論，因而，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)為這是北美普遍的現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)然也有例外。在美國(guó)，心胸狹隘的官員，舉止粗魯?shù)恼写秃翢o禮貌的出租車司機(jī)也并非罕見。盡管有不如意的地方，但因?yàn)槿藗兂３５贸雒绹?guó)人好客的觀察意見，因而也就值得議論一番了?！　　　∵^去很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，在美國(guó)很多地方，旅行者的到來因暫時(shí)打破原本的單調(diào)生活而受人歡迎。無聊、孤獨(dú)是居住相對(duì)遙遠(yuǎn)的家庭的普遍問題。陌生人和旅行者很受歡迎，他們帶來了娛樂消遣，還帶來了外面世界的消息?！　　　￠_拓者的嚴(yán)酷生活現(xiàn)實(shí)也促成了這一好客的傳統(tǒng)。單獨(dú)旅行時(shí)，如果挨餓、受傷或生病，通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。對(duì)旅行者來說，這不是一個(gè)選擇的問題；而對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駚碚f，這也并非是行善的一時(shí)沖動(dòng)。它反映了日常生活的嚴(yán)酷：如果你不收留他，那他便無處求助了。請(qǐng)記住，有一天你也可能處于相同的境遇?！　　　∪缃瘢辛撕芏嗟拇壬平M織專門幫助疲憊的旅行者。不過，熱情接待陌生人的傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)仍然很盛行，尤其是在遠(yuǎn)離旅游熱線的小城鎮(zhèn)。我只是路過，和這個(gè)美國(guó)人聊了聊。很快，他就請(qǐng)我到他家吃飯這真令人驚奇。來美國(guó)的旅客談?wù)摯祟愂录芷毡椋⒎强偰艿玫秸_理解。很多美國(guó)人不經(jīng)意表現(xiàn)的友好不應(yīng)被看做是表面或虛假的應(yīng)酬，而應(yīng)該看成是文化傳統(tǒng)的歷史發(fā)展結(jié)果?！　　　⊥魏伟l(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣，一系列復(fù)雜的文化特征，信念和習(xí)俗構(gòu)成了美國(guó)所有社會(huì)交往的基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)然，會(huì)講一種語(yǔ)言并不意味著就理解該語(yǔ)言的社會(huì)和文化模式。不能正確詮釋文化含義的旅行者往往得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。例如，美國(guó)人所說的朋友一詞，其文化含義可能與旅行者語(yǔ)言和文化中的朋友大相徑庭。要想正確區(qū)分禮貌是出于文化習(xí)俗還是個(gè)人興趣，單憑一次公共汽車上的偶遇是不夠的。不過，友好是很多美國(guó)人推崇的美德，同時(shí)希望鄰居和陌生人也能如此。A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Smallminded officials, rude waiters, and illmannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves ment.　　　　For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a wele break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were mon problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were wele sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.　　　　The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn39。t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.　　　　Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not unmon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.　　　　As is true of any developed society, in America a plex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor39。s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.　　　　55. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.　　　?。ˋ）rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US　　　　（B）smallminded officials deserve a serious ment　　　?。–）Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors　　　?。―）most Americans are ready to offer help　　　　56. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.　　　?。ˋ）culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship　　　?。˙）courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated　　　?。–）various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends　　　　（D）social interrelationships equal the plex set of cultural conventions　　　　57. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ________.　　　?。ˋ）to improve their hard life　　　?。˙）in view of their longdistance travel　　　　（C）to add some flavor to their own daily life　　　?。―）out of a charitable impulse　　　　58. The tradition of hospitality to strangers ________.　　　　（A）tends to be superficial and artificial　　　?。˙）is generally well kept up in the United States　　　　（C）is always understood properly　　　?。―）has something to do with the busy tourist trails　　答案及試題解析　　　　55.（D）意為：大部分美國(guó)人樂于助人?！　　　∥恼碌谝痪渲赋?，去過美國(guó)的人所帶回的印象總是（consistently）：大多數(shù)美國(guó)人表現(xiàn)為友好、禮貌、樂于助人。本文從歷史及文化的角度探討了產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)象的原因?！　　　　意為：粗魯?shù)某鲎廛囁緳C(jī)在美國(guó)罕見?！　　　　　意為：心胸狹窄的官員值得嚴(yán)肅的一提（或：應(yīng)受嚴(yán)肅的批評(píng)）?！　　　　意為：加拿大人不如其鄰國(guó)（當(dāng)主要指美國(guó)）人民友好。　　　　注意：（A）、（B）、（C）表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)都不是第一段中所提到的訪美者的觀點(diǎn)，第一段的第二、三、四句表達(dá)的是本文作者的觀點(diǎn)。在作者看來，公平地講，許多到過加拿大的人對(duì)加拿大人也有同感，因此可以說：這是一種北美現(xiàn)象北美人大都友好、禮貌、樂于助人。同時(shí)，在他看來，這種情況也有例外：心胸狹隘的官員、粗魯?shù)氖陶?、無禮的出租車司機(jī)也不乏其人，但總的來看這并不構(gòu)成主流?！　　　?6.（A）意為：文化影響社會(huì)關(guān)系?！　　　∽詈笠欢蔚牡谝痪涫侨蔚闹黝}，該句可譯為：像其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣，在美國(guó)，人際關(guān)系的背后是一系列復(fù)雜的文化符號(hào)、信念和習(xí)俗。換言之，美國(guó)的文化決定了美國(guó)人的行為?！　　　　意為：禮貌的習(xí)慣與個(gè)人興趣互相影響。最后一段第五句可譯為：僅靠在公共汽車上瞬時(shí)相遇來區(qū)別禮貌是出自于文化習(xí)慣還是個(gè)人的興趣是不夠的。根據(jù)本段的主旨和全文的主旨，這句話應(yīng)該理解為：判斷一個(gè)人表現(xiàn)出的禮貌行為究竟僅產(chǎn)生于其個(gè)人素質(zhì)還是產(chǎn)生于文化的熏陶，僅看其個(gè)別的、偶然的行為是不行的。換言之，如果他隨時(shí)隨地表現(xiàn)為禮讓，或者，如果生活在某一區(qū)域或國(guó)家的人都表現(xiàn)為禮讓，那末，你