【正文】 primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science‘s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News amp。 World Report last May 1998年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 18 seemed to suggest. The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of being meaningless. ―The term ?antiscience‘ can lump together too many, quite different things,‖ notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and AntiScience. ―They have in mon only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.‖ Text 4 Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional petition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. 1998年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 19 This development and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead has enthroned the South as America‘s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation‘s head counting. Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by million people numerically the third largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years. Americans have been migrating south and west in larger number since World War II, and the pattern still prevails. Three sunbelt states Florida, Texas and California together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th with Cleveland and Washington. D. C. dropping out of the top 10. Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census 1998年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 20 officials say, Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday‘s ―baby boom‖ generation reached its child bearing years. Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances— ■ Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population. ■ Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: and percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is posed of Western states with million people about 9 per square mile. The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for 1998年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 21 spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state. In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose and still are choosing somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State. As a result, California‘s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to percent little more than two thirds the 1960s‘ growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states. Text 5 Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geo