【正文】 t pletely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of antihappy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a mercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass munication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but mercial, and forever happy .Fastfood eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agendato lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. Celebrate! manded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. What we forgetwhat our economy depends on is forgettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness es not in denying this but in living with it. It39。s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music. B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling. C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness. D. Artist have changed their focus of interest. 37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something A. religious B. unpleasant C. entertaining D. mercial the author’s opinion, advertising A. emerges in the wake of the antihappy part. B. is a cause of disappointment for the general peer C. replace the church as a major source of information D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes A .Happiness more often than not ends in sadness. B. The antihappy art is distasteful by refreshing. C. Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied. D .The antihappy art flourishes when economy booms of the following is true of the text? A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. B Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. C People feel disappointed at the realities of morality. D mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths. Part A　　Directions：　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）　　Text 1　　If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 200639。s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks， you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.　　What might account for this strange phenomenon？ Here are a few guesses： a） certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b） winterborn bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c） soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d） none of the above.　　Anders Ericsson， a 58yearold psychology professor at Florida State University， says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden， and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago， involved memory： training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject. after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving， and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”　　This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined， led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words， whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully， Ericsson determined， was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather， it involves setting specific goals， obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on oute.　　Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits， including soccer. They gather all the data they can， not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion： the trait we monly call talent is highly overrated. Or， put another way， expert performers whether in memory or surgery， ballet or puter programming are nearly always made， not born.　　[410 words]　　21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to　　[A] stress the importance of professional training.　　[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.　　[C] introduce the topic of what males expert performance.　　[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.