曼昆宏觀經濟學名詞解釋-(中英文)-資料下載頁
2025-08-01 21:39本頁面
【正文】 量的變量。Real variables are variables measured in physical units.真實變量：按實物單位衡量的變量。Classical dichotomy is the theoretical separation of nominal and variables.古典二分法：名義變量和真實變量的理論區(qū)分。Monetary neutrality is the proposition that changes in the money supply do not affect real variables.貨幣中性：認為貨幣供給變動并不影響真實變量的觀點。Velocity of money is the rate at which money changes hands.貨幣流通速度：貨幣易手的速度。Quantity equation is the equation M*V=P*Y which relates the quantity of money, the velocity of money, and the dollar value of the economy’s output of goods and services.數量方程式：方程式M*V=P*Y,這個公式把貨幣量、貨幣流通速度和經濟中物品與勞務產出的美元價值聯(lián)系在一起。Inflation tax is the revenue the government raises by creating money.通貨膨脹稅：政府通過創(chuàng)造貨幣而籌集的收入。Fisher effect is the oneforone adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflation rate.費雪效應：名義利率對通貨膨脹率所進行的一對一的調整。Shoeleather costs are the resources wasted when inflation encourages people to reduce their money holdings.皮鞋成本：當通貨膨脹鼓勵人們減少貨幣持有量時所浪費的資源。Menu costs are the costs of changing prices.菜單成本：改變價格的成本。第二十三章AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY總需求與總供給Recession is period of declining real ines and rising unemployment.衰退：真實收入下降和失業(yè)增加的時期。Depression is a severe recession.蕭條：嚴重的衰退。Model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply is the model that most economists use to explain shortrun fluctuations in economic activity around its longrun trend.總需求與總供給模型：大多數經濟學家用來解釋經濟活動圍繞其長期趨勢的短期波動的模型Aggregatedemand curve is a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level.總需求曲線：表示在每一種物價水平時，家庭、企業(yè)、政府和外國客戶想要購買的物品與勞務量的曲線。Aggregatesupply curve is a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that firms choose to produce and sell at each price level.總供給曲線：表示在每一種物價水平時，企業(yè)選擇生產并銷售的物品與勞務量的一條曲線。Stagflation is period of falling output and rising prices.滯漲：產量減少而物價上升的時期。第二十四章 THE INFLUERNCE OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY ON AGGREGATE DEMAND 貨幣政策和財政政策對總需求的影響Theory of liquidity preference is Keynes’s theory that the interest rate adjusts to bring money supply and money demand into balance.流動性偏好理論：凱恩斯的理論，認為利率的調整使貨幣供給與貨幣需求平衡。Multiplier effect is the additional shifts in aggregate demand that result when expansionary fiscal policy increases ine and thereby increases consumers spending.乘數效應：當擴張性財政政策增加了收入，從而增加了消費支出時引起的總需求的額外變動。Crowdingout effect is the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.擠出效應：當擴張性財政政策引起利率上升，從而減少了投資支出時所引起的總需求減少。Automatic stabilizers are changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate acton.自動穩(wěn)定器：當經濟進入衰退時，決策者不必采取任何有意的行動就可以刺激總需求的財政政策變動。
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