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g PVSD received onpump repaire MVSD 2 Two PDA occluders Case 3: single device for two MVSDs This technique is applicable for two nearby defects Case 4: MVSD 4+ASD ? 9M girl, 6kg, severe PH ? MVSD 4 plus one ASD ? All defects were closed successfully with three MVSD devices and one ASD device。 ? Three out of the four muscular defects were closed to each other. Case 4: MVSD 4+ASD ? Two pathways should be established in advance ? The first sheath in and MVSD closed ? The second sheath in and MVSD closed ? The third MVSD be closed Two MVSD devices and one ASD device Three MVSD devices Three MVSD devices and one ASD device were seen on the postsurg Xray Discussion ? Disadvantages of transcatheter closure 1) Limited by patient age and weight。 2) Potential vessel damage。 3) Hard to establish a pathway in apical or anterior MVSDs 4) Undesirable radiation (esp. for small babies) Discussion ? Advantages of PDC 1) Easy and precise handling。 2) Easy retrieve allowing better device choice。 3) Intime assessment, less residual shunt and rational device picking。 Discussion 4) No CPB for isolated MVSD and shorter CPB time for those with associated CHDs 5) No ventriculotomy, better RV function and less arrythmia. Discussion □ The importance of Echo 1) TTE before operation。 2) TEE for puncture location。 3) TEE guiding for pathway establishment。 4) Echo assessment EchocardiographerSurgeon teamwork ? How the echocardiographer understands the procedure。 ? How the surgeons understands the image ? Teamwork: Pictures form echocardiographer Operation under surgeon’s hand Conclusion ? PDC of MVSDs was safe and efficacious, shorttime results was acceptable。 ? PDC was not limited by patient’s age and weight。 ? The longtime followup (ventricular function, arrhythmia) was necessary. Thank yo