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【正文】 腦葉lobe 同卵雙生子identical twins 異卵雙生子—fraternal twins古典制約classical conditioning 操作制約operant conditioning非制約刺激—(US unconditioned stimulus非制約反應—(UR)unconditioned R.制約刺激(CS) conditioned S. 制約反應(CR)conditioned R.習(獲)得acquisition 增強作用reinforcement消除(弱)extinction 自(發(fā)性)然恢復spontaneous recovery前行制約—forward conditioning 同時制約simultaneous conditioning回溯制約backward cond. 痕跡制約——trace conditioning延宕制約—delay conditioning 類化(梯度)generalization (gradient)區(qū)辨discrimination (次級)增強物(secondary) reinforcer嫌惡刺激aversive stimulus 試誤學習trial and error learning效果率law of effect 正(負)性增強物—positive (negative) rei. 行為塑造—behavior shaping 循序漸進successive approximation自行塑造—autoshaping 部分(連續(xù))增強—partial (continuous)R定比(時)時制—fixed ratio (interval) schedule FR或FI變化比率(時距)時制—variable ratio (interval) schedule VR或VI逃離反應escape R. 回避反應—avoidance response習得無助learned helplessness 頓悟insight學習心向—learning set 隱內(潛在)學習latent learning認知地圖cognitive map 生理回饋biofeedback敏感遞減法systematic desensitization 普里邁克原則—Premack39。s principle洪水法flooding 觀察學習observational learning動物行為學ethology 敏感化—sensitization習慣化habituation 聯(lián)結association 認知學習cognitional L. 觀察學習observational L.登錄﹑編碼encoding 保留﹑儲存retention提取retrieval 回憶(free recall 全現(xiàn)心像﹑照相式記憶eidetic imagery﹑photographic memory . 舌尖現(xiàn)象（TOT）—tip of tongue 再認recognition再學習relearning 節(jié)省分數(shù)savings外顯與內隱記憶explicit amp。 implicit memory 記憶廣度memory span組集chunk 序列位置效應serial position effect 起始效應primacy effect 新近效應recency effect 心(情)境依賴學習statedependent L. 無意義音節(jié)—nonsense syllable 順向干擾proactive interference 逆向干擾retroactive interference閃光燈記憶flashbulb memory 動機性遺忘motivated forgetting器質性失憶癥—organic amnesia 阿茲海默癥Alzheimers disease近事（順向）失憶癥—anterograde amnesia舊事（逆向）失憶—retrograde A.高沙可夫癥候群—korsakoffs syndrome 凝固理論—consolidation th
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