【正文】 on over many people like the author’s father, who was hopelessly hooked by cigarettes. So from the viewpoint of the tobacco pany, this seemed a great success, a big ―victory‖, because more people smoking will definitely bring it more profit. V. Difficult sentences amp。 translation But from the viewpoint of the family, the author’s father was nothing but a victim of tobacco industry. The prosperous owners of the tobacco industries have won a victory in her family, but her family has paid a bigger price – her father died from smoking. The author believes one such victim is enough. Otherwise, it would be too much for her family. V. writing structure analysis The writer of the text presents us with a horrible picture of the harmful effects of smoking, and the harmful effects are described as a result of the cause: smoking. ?Paragraph writing: cause and effect A typical example is: ?The cause and effect pattern: (Para 6) VI. Writing The cause: Large advertisement signs, showing both the tough, confident, or fashionable older man and the beautiful, ―worldly‖ young woman, are directed at people like my father and daughter who are attracted to smoking. The effect: As a result, many people smoke. And the money that should be spent for food goes instead to the tobacco panies. People then starve themselves of both food and air, effectively weakening and hooking their children, and eventually killing themselves. ?a statement supported by effects VI. Writing: Cause and Effect Pattern In Unit 4, we learned that a causeeffect paragraph generally follows a basic format: topic sentence + specific supporting details If the topic sentence introduces an effect, the supporting sentences describe causes. However, a paragraph will show a chain reaction in a cause and effect pattern. One effect may be the cause of some other effects. So a General statement may be followed by many supporting sentences that express what would happen as results/effects. ?A General Statement supported by effects VI. Writing paragraph writing pattern Smoking does us more harm than we thought. General statement Effect 1 Smoking is a form of selfbattering. Effect 2 Smoking leads to diseases. Effect 3 Smoking threaten one’s beloved Reference Words: to do sb. more harm than he thought, in the first place, a form of selfbattering, to increase sb.’s risk of heart attack, stroke, smoking patterns, to die prematurely from, tobaccorelated diseases, in the second, to form a fatal threat to, during pregnancy, to experience bleeding or spontaneous abortion Smoking does us more harm than we thought. In the first place, smoking is a form of selfbattering Smoking can affect your wellbeing and appearance, making you age faster than you think. Secondly, smoking may lead to different kinds of diseases. Four cigarettes a day can double the smoker’s risk of tobaccorelated diseases such as heart attack, and lung cancers. Thirdly, smoking may threaten the smoker’s beloved. The secondhand smoking do more harm to those who sit by than to the smokers themselves. According to recent studies, women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to unhealthy children. VI. Writing: sample writing for reference VII. Afterreading discussion ? Maternal love is eternal whether it is from human or not. Tarzan (《 人猿泰山 》 ) is a very famous fairy tale which shows chimpanzee maternal love towards a human baby. After losing her own child, the mother chimpanzee gives all her love to Tarzan whose parents were killed by a leopard. Have you ever heard this story? What’s your ment on this story? What do you think of mother love? ? We owe our parents a lot. What should we do to repay their love? What shouldn’t we do to make them upset? ?Topics for afterreading discussion: ?Read the following statements to judge whether it is right or wrong. average, one cigarette can shorten your life for five minutes. 2. Cigarettes contain over 4,000 harmful chemicals. 3. Smoking can affect your wellbeing and appearance, making you age faster than you think. ?Work in pairs to give the other two examples to show the bad effects of smoking.