【正文】
ng on footings or piles. 9 Sunday, August 14, 2022 Retaining Walls V. Settlement and Tilting 1) Retaining walls on granular soils: Most of the expected settlement will occur by the time the construction of the wall and placement of backfill have been pleted. 2) Retaining walls on cohesive soils: Settlement will occur slowly and for a long period of time after construction has been pleted. 3) Retaining walls on spread footings: The amount of settlement can be determined using the principles of settlement analysis for footings. 4) Retaining walls on pile foundations: The amount of settlement can be determined using the principles of settlement analysis for pile foundations. 10 Sunday, August 14, 2022 Retaining Walls 5) Nonuniformity of settlement (differential settlement) resulting in vertical cracks in walls (1) It occurs when the bearing capacity of the foundation soil along the wall is not uniform and the wall itself fails to bridge across poor material. (2) Possible remedies: a. improving the foundation soil (., by replacement, paction, or stabilization of the soil)。 b. changing the width of the footing. 2. Tilting Tilting is monly caused by eccentric pressure on the base of the wall. Tilting can be reduced by keeping the resultant force near the middle of the base. The amount of tilting may be expected to be in the order of magnitude onetenth of 1% of the height of wall or less. 11 Sunday, August 14, 2022