【正文】 y, August 14, 2022 Retaining Walls 5) Nonuniformity of settlement (differential settlement) resulting in vertical cracks in walls (1) It occurs when the bearing capacity of the foundation soil along the wall is not uniform and the wall itself fails to bridge across poor material. (2) Possible remedies: a. improving the foundation soil (., by replacement, paction, or stabilization of the soil)。 or residual soil with stone。Retaining Walls I. *Introduction 1. *Definition: A retaining wall is a wall, often made of concrete, built for the purpose of retaining, or holding back, a soil mass (or other material). 2. *Types of retaining walls 1) gravity wall: A simple retaining wall depending on its weight to achieve its stability 2) cantilever wall: a taller wall with extended toe and heel to offset the large lateral pressure tending to overturn the wall. A cantilever wall has part of the base extending underneath the backfill, and the weight of the soil above this part of the base helps prevent overturning. 3) Other types: retaining wall with anchor (錨碇式擋土墻 )。 granular materials with conspicuous clay content。 b. changing the width of the footing. 2. Tilting Tilting is monly caused by eccentric pressure on the base of the wall. Tilting can be reduced by keeping the resultant force near the middle of the base. The amount of tilting may be expected to be in the order of magnitude onetenth of 1% of the height of wall or less. 11 Sunday, August 14, 2022