【正文】 xcess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine.　　施樂凱的副作用根罕見，因為任何過量的鉀都迅速由尿排出。　　例3 At the remended dosage sideeffects . venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions (cutaneous and mucous reactions) are only observed in isolated cases.　　用推薦劑量治療時，僅見個別的靜脈刺激或過敏反應（皮膚及粘膜反應）病例?！　±? When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormone is discontinued.　　當不良反應發(fā)生時，它們往往是可逆的，停用激素后副作用即消失?！　±? The most serious sideeffect is damage to the bone marrow. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment.　　最嚴重的副作用是骨髓損害，因此在治療期間，要經常監(jiān)測白細胞計數?！　±? These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 714 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.　　這些副作用通常在714日之后，或者暫時降低劑量便自行消失?！　±? With high dosage continuous infusion (more than 200mg/m2/day) over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal plications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy.　　大劑量連續(xù)輸注超過 5～7日（超過 200mg／m2／日），胃腸道并發(fā)癥更為明顯，偶爾可導致腸梗阻。停藥后副作用皆可逆轉?！　±? In some patients nausea， dizziness，and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure checkup is remended in outpatients before the treatment is initiated. If sideeffects persist, lower doses should be administered.　　服用本品的頭幾天，有些病人可能會出現惡心、頭暈和嘔吐，但不必停藥。偶有血壓下降的病例，為此，在治療開始前建議對門診患者檢測血壓。若副作用持續(xù)不消失，應減少服用劑量?！　±? Major adverse reactions (much less mon than the minor adverse reactions) include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis.　　較重的不良反應（遠不及輕度不良反應常見）包括抑制骨髓細胞生成，藥物熱及肝炎?！　±?0 Sideeffects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear.　　副作用：多數病例出現食欲減退、惡心，有時嘔吐。這些癥狀通常發(fā)生在治療的最初幾天，以后逐漸消失。藥品說明書翻譯指南8：注意事項 Precautions“注意事項”也是藥品說明書中的重要內容之一。為了安全用藥，廠商在本項中特別強調應注意的事項，其中主要包括：正確的劑量和用法，超過劑量時的應急措施，用藥對象，可能出現的較嚴重的副作用及治療方案，藥物的配伍，藥液的配制、使用及保管等方面的注意事項?！? 本項常用的英語表示法：　　Precaution(s) 注意事項 Special note (caution, precaution) 特別注意　　Caution（s） 注意事項 . 注意　　Note 注意 Warning(s) 警告　　有時也用：　　Important 重要事項 Important for the patients 患者須知　　本項中常見的檢查項目：　　blood count 血細胞汁數 Kidney (renal) function 腎功能　　blood picture (hemogram) 血象 Liver (hepatic) function 肝功　　blood level 血濃度 serum concentration 血清濃度　　blood pressure 血壓serum creatinine test 血清肌酸酐檢驗　　clotting time 凝血時間 urine routine（examination） 尿常規(guī)　　creatinine clearance 肌酸酐清除率　　 本項的特點是內容長短不一，有難有易；詞匯量大，涉及面廣，既有普通詞匯，也有大量的專業(yè)詞匯及編寫詞。許多詞匯、結構和句型可在藥理作用、適應癥、禁忌癥、劑量和用法、副作用，貯藏等項中見到。從英語結構上分析，句型變化較多，長句、難句也屢屢出現，是比較難讀的一個項目?！　±? Warnings and precautions: Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in epileptics and patients with a history of CNS disorders and only if the benefits of treatment are considered to outweight the risk of possible CNS sideeffects.　　警告和注意事項：癲癇病人及有中樞神經系統病史的患者慎用環(huán)丙沙星，僅當認為療效超過可能產生的中樞神經系統副作用的危險時才可使用?！　±? Ciprofloxacin could result in impainnent of the patients ability to drive or operate machinary, particularly in conjunction with alcohol.　　環(huán)丙沙星能損害人們駕駛汽車或操縱機器的能力，尤其是在飲酒之后?！　±? Warnings: Vepeside should be administered under the supervision of a qualified physician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.　　警告：泛必治應該在使用治療癌癥的化療制劑方面有經驗、有資格的醫(yī)生的監(jiān)護下使用?！　±? The most serious risk associated with anticoagulant therapy with sodium warfarin are hemorrhage in any tissue or organ and less frequently, necrosis and/ or gangrene of skin and other tissues. The risk of hermorrhage is related to level of intensity and the duration of anticoagulant therapy.　　用華注林鈉進行抗凝治療產生的最嚴重的危險就是組織或器官出血，以及不大常出現的皮膚和其他組織的壞死和（或）壞疽。出血的危險與抗凝治療的藥物濃度（水平）及療程長短有關。　　例5 The occurrence of a platelet count below 50,000/mm3 or an absolute neutrophil count below 500/mm3 is an indication to withhold further therapy until the blood counts have sufficiently recovered.　　血小板數低于50，000／mm3 或絕對中性白細胞數低于500／mm3 ，表明不能繼續(xù)使用本品治療，待白細胞計教充分恢復后才能繼續(xù)用藥?！　±? Warfarin therapy should be discontinued when warfarin is suspected to be the cause of developing necrosis and heparin therapy may be considered for anticoagulation.　　當懷疑華法林治療引起壞死時，則須停止治療，并且考慮使用肝素治療。　　例7 Dosage should be controlled by periodic determinations of prothrombin time (PT) or other suitable coagulation tests.　　必須定期檢查凝血酶原時間（PT），或做其他相應的凝血試驗來控制劑量?！　±? Please note Cerebral convulsive disease is regarded as a relative contraindication for examinations in the subarachnoid space. If after careful consideration, these examinations are nevertheless performed, all equipment and medicines necessary to counter any convulsions may occur must be prepared ready for use beforehand.　　請注意：腦驚厥被認為相對禁止進行蛛網膜下腔檢查，如經謹慎考慮后、仍要進行這些檢查時．必須事先備妥應付可能發(fā)生驚厥所需的所有設備與藥品?！　±? Caution must be exercised in the case of hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media, latent hyperthyroidism and bland nodular goitre.　　對碘造影劑過敏、隱匿性甲狀腺亢進和輕微甲狀腺腫的病例，應慎重?！　±?0 Caution Alcohol intake may enhance nitrate effects and occasionally induce hypotension with subsequent impairment of reactivity. During the first three months of pregnancy drugs should only be used on the express direction of the attendant physician. Isket spray should not be stored at temperatures above 25℃! Temperatures above 40 ℃ are to be be avoided, even for bried periods! Do not force canister open, even when empty!　　注意：飲酒可增強硝酸鹽的作用、偶爾引起低血壓，繼而損害反應力。妊娠三個月時，只有在監(jiān)護醫(yī)生明確指導下才可使用本品。異舒吉噴霧劑的貯存溫度不應超過25℃！避免超過40℃。即使短時間也不可！不要用力開罐，即使空罐時也不可用力開！勿使兒童接觸本品　　例11 As with all new drugs， patients should be followed carefully so that any sideeffects or unusual manifestations of drug idiosyncrasy may be detected. If any allergic reaction to Keflex occurs, the drug should be discontinued and the patient treated with the usual agents.　　像使用所有新藥一樣，應細心地隨訪患者，以便觀察任何副作用或藥物特異反應。如果出現對頭抱菌素IV的過敏反應，應停藥，并用常規(guī)藥物治療患者?！　±?2 In patients with normal renal function, chronic hyperca