【正文】 ing by the name of Charles F. Hammond an American, born in Detroit, who filed similar patents, the first of which was filed as recorded by the Canadian Intellectual Property ，誰提出了類似的專利，其中被提交由加拿大知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局錄得的第一個出生的，名字記入另一位發(fā)明家發(fā)明。 Chrysler Corporation introduced the first mercially available power steering system on the 1951 Chrysler Imperial under the name Hydraguide. 克萊斯勒公司推出了第一款商業(yè)化的動力轉(zhuǎn)向在1951年克萊斯勒帝國的名義Hydraguide系統(tǒng)。 Most new vehicles now have power steering, owing to the trends toward front wheel drive, greater vehicle mass, and wider tires , which all increase the required steering ，由于對前輪驅(qū)動的趨勢，更多的車輛質(zhì)量，和更廣泛的輪胎 ，所有增加必要的指導(dǎo)工作。 Heavier vehicles as mon in some countries would be extremely difficult to maneuver at low speeds, while vehicles of lighter weight may not need power assisted steering at ，共同將很難在低速行駛機(jī)動車輛較重，而重量輕的車輛可能不需要輔助轉(zhuǎn)向的一切權(quán)力。液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向大多數(shù)動力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)工作，通過使用液壓系統(tǒng)把車輛的車輪。 The hydraulic pressure is usually provided by a gerotor or rotary vane pump driven by the vehicle39。s 。 A doubleacting hydraulic cylinder applies a force to the steering gear, which in turn applies a torque to the steering axis of the ，從而適用于一扭矩對負(fù)重輪轉(zhuǎn)向軸。 The flow to the cylinder is controlled by valves operated by the steering wheel。 the more torque the driver applies to the steering wheel and the shaft it is attached to, the more fluid the valves allow through to the cylinder, and so the more force is applied to steer the wheels in the appropriate ，扭矩更適用于駕駛方向盤，它是連接軸，更流體閥允許通過在氣缸，所以更多的力量適用于在適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)方向的車輪。 One design for measuring the torque applied to the steering wheel is to fix a torsion bar to the end of the steering 。 As the steering wheel rotates, so does the attached steering shaft, and so does the top end of the attached torsion ，因此沒有附加的轉(zhuǎn)向軸，所以也所附扭桿高端。 Since the torsion bar is relatively thin and flexible and the bottom end is not pletely free to rotate, the bar will soak up some of the torque。 the bottom end will not rotate as far as the top ，靈活，低端不完全自由旋轉(zhuǎn)，酒吧將吸收一些的扭矩。底部的結(jié)束將不會旋轉(zhuǎn)盡可能的最高端。 The difference in rotation between the top and bottom ends of the torsion bar can be used to control the valve that allows fluid to flow to the cylinder which provides steering assistance。 the greater the twist of the torsion bar, the more steering assistance will be ，可以用來控制閥，使流體流向汽缸提供指導(dǎo)幫助，在更大的“扭曲的扭力桿”，更將轉(zhuǎn)向援助提供。 Since the pumps employed are of the positive displacement type, the flow rate they deliver is directly proportional to the speed of the ，流速它們提供成正比的發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速。 This means that at high engine speeds the steering would naturally operate faster than at low engine ，在發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速高，督導(dǎo)工作自然會比在低轉(zhuǎn)速更快。 Because this would be undesirable, a restricting orifice and flow control valve are used to direct some of the pump39。s output back to the hydraulic reservoir at high engine ，限制口和流量控制閥是用來直接泵的輸出部分回到高發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速液壓水庫。 A pressure relief valve is also used to prevent a dangerous buildup of pressure when the hydraulic cylinder39。s piston reaches the end of the ，液壓缸的活塞到達(dá)氣缸結(jié)束。 Some modern implementations also include an electronic pressure relief valve which can reduce the hydraulic pressure in the power steering lines as the vehicle39。s speed increases (this is known as variable assist power steering).一些現(xiàn)代的實現(xiàn)還包括一個電子泄壓閥，可以減少在舵機(jī)作為車輛的速度增加線路功率液壓（這是可變動力轉(zhuǎn)向協(xié)助已知）。 DIRAVI在DIRAVI制度雪鐵龍發(fā)明，部隊把車輪來自汽車的高壓液壓系統(tǒng)及始終是相同的，不管什么道路速度。 As the steering wheel is turned, the wheels are turned simultaneously to a corresponding angle by a hydraulic piston .由于方向盤被打開，車輪轉(zhuǎn)向同時向相應(yīng)角度的液壓活塞 。 In order to give some artificial steering feel, there is a separate hydraulically operated system that tries to turn the steering wheel back to centre ，有一個獨立的液壓系統(tǒng)，試圖扭轉(zhuǎn)方向盤回中心的地位。 The amount of pressure applied is proportional to road speed, so that at low speeds the steering is very light, and at high speeds it is very difficult to move more than a small amount from the centre ，車速，以便在轉(zhuǎn)向很輕低速和高速很難比移動中心的地位，從少量的。 As long as there is pressure in the car39。s hydraulic system, there is no mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the ，兩者之間沒有方向盤和負(fù)重輪的機(jī)械連接。 This system was first introduced in the Citro235。n SM in 1970, and was known as 39。VariPower39。 in the UK and 39。SpeedFeel39。 in the US該系統(tǒng)首次引入雪鐵龍釤于1970年，被稱為39。VariPower39。在英國和39。SpeedFeel39。在美國 While DIRAVI is not the mechanical template for all modern power steering arrangements, it did innovate the now mon benefit of speed adjustable steering .雖然DIRAVI不是機(jī)械模板所有現(xiàn)代動力轉(zhuǎn)向器的安排，它創(chuàng)新的速度現(xiàn)在的共同利益調(diào)整的轉(zhuǎn)向 。 The force of the centering device increases as the car39。s road speed 電液壓系統(tǒng)電動液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，有時縮寫液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向，以及有時也被稱為“混合型”系統(tǒng)，使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)相同的液壓輔助技術(shù)，但水壓由一而不是帶電動馬達(dá)驅(qū)動的水泵提供的驅(qū)動由發(fā)動機(jī)。 In 1965, Ford experimented with a fleet of wristtwist instant steering equipped Mercury Park Lanes that replaced the conventional large steering wheel with two 5inch (127mm) rings, a fast 15:1 gear ratio, and an electric hydraulic pump in case the engine stalled. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] 1965年，福特試行了“腕扭即時指導(dǎo)艦隊”裝備水星公園車道的兩個5取代傳統(tǒng)的大方向盤英寸（127毫米）戒指，快速15:1齒輪比，和一個電動液壓泵的情況下，引擎突然熄火 。In 1994 Volkswagen produced the Mark 3 Golf Eatic, which utilized an electric pump so that the power steering could operate while the engine had been turned off by the puter to save fuel. [ 3 ] Electrohydraulic systems can be found in some cars by Ford , Volkswagen , Audi , Peugeot , Citroen , SEAT , Skoda , Suzuki , Opel , MINI , Toyota , Honda , and Mazda . 1994年生產(chǎn)的大眾高爾夫Eatic馬克3，其中利用一個電泵，使動力轉(zhuǎn)向可經(jīng)營而引擎，但都被電腦以節(jié)省燃料。電液系統(tǒng)可以在一些汽車發(fā)現(xiàn)福特，大眾，奧迪，標(biāo)致，雪鐵龍，西亞特，斯柯達(dá)，鈴木，歐寶，迷你，豐田，本田和馬自達(dá)Servotronic offers true speed dependent power steering, in which the amount of servo assist depends on road speed, and thus provides even more fort for the driver. Servotronic提供真正的速度依賴動力轉(zhuǎn)向，其中的伺服協(xié)助數(shù)額取決于道路的速度，從而為駕駛者提供更舒適。 The amount of power assist is greatest at low speeds, for example when parking the ，例如在停車場的汽車。 The greater assist makes it easier to maneuver the 。At higher speeds, an electronic sensing system gradually reduces the level of power ，電子傳感系統(tǒng)，逐步減少權(quán)力協(xié)助的水平。In this way, the driver can control the car even more precisely than with conventional power ，司機(jī)可以控制得更精確。 Servotronic is use