【正文】 d on observation, measurement or test and which can be verified. Observation means a statement of fact made during a safety management audit and substantiated by objective evidence. Nonconformity means an observed situation where objective evidence indicates the nonfulfilment of a specified requirement. Major nonconformity means an identifiable deviation that poses a serious threat to the safety of personnel or the ship or a serious risk to the environment that requires immediate corrective action or the lack of effective and systematic implementation of a requirement of this Code. Anniversary date means the day and month of each year that corresponds to the date of expiry of the relevant document or certificate. Convention means the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended. Objectives The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular to the marine environment and to property. Safety management objectives of the Company should, inter alia:.1 provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment。.2 assess all identified risks to its ships, personnel and the environment and establish appropriate safeguards。 and..3 continuously improve safety management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships, including preparing for emergencies related both to safety and environmental protection. The safety management system should ensure:.1 pliance with mandatory rules and regulations。 and.2 that applicable codes, guidelines and standards remended by the Organization, Administrations, classification societies and maritime industry organizations are taken into account. ApplicationThe requirements of this Code may be applied to all ships. Functional requirements for a safety management systemEvery Company should develop, implement and maintain a safety management system which includes the following functional requirements:.1 a safety and environmentalprotection policy。.2 instructions and procedures to ensure safe operation of ships and protection of the environment in pliance with relevant international and flag State legislation。.3 defined levels of authority and lines of munication between, and amongst, shore and shipboard personnel。.4 procedures for reporting accidents and nonconformities with the provisions of this Code。.5 procedures to prepare for and respond to emergency situations。 and.6 procedures for internal audits and management reviews.2 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION POLICY The Company should establish a safety and environmentalprotection policy which describes how the objectives given in paragraph will be achieved. The Company should ensure that the policy is implemented and maintained at all levels of the organization, both shipbased and shorebased.3 COMPANY RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY If the entity who is responsible for the operation of the ship is other than the owner, the owner must report the full name and details of such entity to the Administration. The Company should define and document the responsibility, authority and interrelation of all personnel who manage, perform and verify work relating to and affecting safety and pollution prevention. The Company is responsible for ensuring that adequate resources and shorebased support are provided to enable the designated person or persons to carry out their functions.4 DESIGNATED PERSON(S) To ensure the safe operation of each ship and to provide a link between the Company and those on board, every Company, as appropriate, should designate a person or persons ashore having direct access to the highest level of management. The responsibility and authority of the designated person or persons should include monitoring the safety and pollutionprevention aspects of the operation of each ship and ensuring that adequate resources and shorebased support are applied, as required.5 MASTER39。S RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY The Company should clearly define and document the master39。s responsibility with regard to:.1 implementing the safety and environmentalprotection policy of the Company。.2 motivating the crew in the observation of that policy。.3 issuing appropriate orders and instructions in a clear and simple manner。.4 verifying that specified requirements are observed。 and.5 periodically reviewing the safety management system and reporting its deficiencies to the shorebased management. The Company should ensure that the safety management system operating on board the ship contains a clear statement emphasizing the master39。s authority. The Company should establish in the safety management system that the master has the overriding authority and the responsibility to make decisions with respect to safety and pollution prevention and to request the Company39。s assistance as may be necessary.6 RESOURCES AND PERSONNEL The Company should ensure that the master is:.1 properly qualified for mand。.2 fully conversant with the Company39。s safety management system。 and.3 given the necessary support so that the master39。s duties can be safely performed. The Company should ensure that each ship is manned with qualified, certificated and medically fit seafarers in accordance with national and international requirements. The Company should establish procedures to ensure that new personnel and personnel transferred to new assignments related to safety and protection of the environment are given proper familiarization with their duties. Instructions which are essential to be provided prior to sailing should be identified, documented and given. The Company should ensure that all personnel involved in the Company39。s safety management system have an adequate understanding of relevant rules, regulations, codes and guid