【正文】 socialist。 ‘occupations or study’, . artist, bassist, psychiatrist, violinist, environmentalistite: ‘a(chǎn)dherent to, member of’, . Darwinite, Thatcheriteaddress寫信 addresser addresseedonate 捐獻(xiàn) donor donee nominate 提名 nominator nomineetrain 訓(xùn)練 trainer trainee2. Adjective suffixes1)Denominal Suffixesed: added to those noun (adj)plusnoun pounds, . pearshaped, blueeyed, giantsizedful: ‘full of, providing’, . merciful, tactful, graceful, dutifully: ‘having the qualities of’ as in soldierly, friendly, cowardly, deathly。 ‘frequency’, . hourly, fortnightlyish: ‘somewhat like, approximately’, . monkeyish, snobbish, nightmarish, coquettish, sixtyish。 ‘language and nationality’ as in Polish, Jewish。 also productive with adjective bases in the sense of ‘somewhat’, . wettish, thinnish, plumpishlike: ‘like’, . animallike, ladylike, childlike, dreamlike? Where –like and –ish occur with the same base, the latter is relatively pejorative and less literally close to the meaning of the base, for example, manly, manlike, mannish, the first referring to the physical or heroic qualities of a man, the second applied to nonhumans, and the third implying unwele masculine attributes usually in a woman.y: ‘somewhat like, characterized by’, . flowery, smoky, bloody, grassy, doggy, Johnny, birdyesque: ‘having the properties of’, with names of famous writers, posers or painters, . Beethovenesque, Dantesque, Chaplinesque ous, eous, ious, uous: ‘having a particular quality’, . sensuous, marvellous, courageous, anxiousal, ial, ical: ‘relating to’, . residential, sentimental, philosophicalic: ‘resembling, involving, connected with’, . patriotic, poetic, bureaucratic, chauvinistic, pessimistic? It is worth noting that both –ic and –ical can be affixed to the same base in some cases, but differ in meaning:classic (great, memorable) classical (of Latin and Greek)ic (of edy) ical (funny)historic (important in history) historical (of history)economic (in the economy) economical (moneysaving)electric (powered by electricity) electrical (of electricity)2) Deverbal Suffixesable, ible: showing ‘possibility’, . washable, admirable, identifiable, convertible, permissible, audibleative, ive, sive: as in talkative, affirmative, active, decisive, expansive, a change of sound notable in words with different endingso un + verb + able . unbearable, unforgettable, unfortable, unbelievable, unavoidable3. Adverb Suffixesly: ‘in … manner, to a … degree’, as in gradually, seriously。 with words ending in –ic, al should be inserted, . scientifically except publicly。 advisable to avoid adjective ending in –ly, . ＊cowardlyward, wards: showing ‘direction’, . homewards, downward, skyward, forward(s), backward(s)wise: ‘in …manner’, as in ostrichwise, sleepwalkerwise。 ‘a(chǎn)s far as … concerned’, . percentagewise, caloriewise, educationwise4. Verbforming suffixesate “give, make, bee” . facilitate, originate, hyphenate, validate,en ‘make or bee’, . strengthen, heighten, flatten, dampen, deepen, widen, tauten, shortenify /fy +n., adj. ‘make, endow with’ as in solidify, glorify, amplify , beautify, classify, simplify ,ize/ise (BrE) ‘involving or related to’, . symbolize, fantasize, institutionalize, visualize。 modernize, specialize,