【正文】 ]應(yīng)根裕,胡文波,：人民郵電出版社,2002.[2]——,26(4):1320[3]雷玉堂,——,2003,15:3334.[4]李卓,朱崇恩,，2003,7:1113.[5]崔元日,——,2004,28(2):3134.[6],2004,26(7):3639.[7]白杉,，2004,5(1):4243.[8]——,.[9]：//[10] LED Array Packages Offer Wide Viewing Angle.[11]徐敏,尹周平,2004,15(2):139143.[12],2003,32(5):319324.[13]甘彬,馮紅年,2005,27（5）:3337.[14]金尚忠,王東輝,激光,2002,13(8):825827.[15]樸大植,（LED）,2002,10(1):1821.[16]:1993.[17]:2004.[18][D].電子科技大學(xué).[19][D].西南交通大學(xué).[20][D].電子科技大學(xué).[21]（美）著，[M].西安：西安交通大學(xué)出版社，2003.[22]半導(dǎo)體LED照明光源技術(shù)的進(jìn)展與前景[J].稀土信息，2006年12:3233.[23][J].：5459.[24]龐蘊(yùn)凡，《視覺與照明》，北京:中國(guó)鐵道出版社，p50一54(1993)[25]趙振民，《照明工程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》，天津:天津科技出版社(2001)[26]孫建民，《電器照明技術(shù)》，北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)技術(shù)出版社，p100102(1998)[27]俞麗華、朱桐城，《電器照明》，上海:同濟(jì)大學(xué)出版社(1990)[28]顧國(guó)維，((綠色技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用》，上海:同濟(jì)大學(xué)出版社(1999) 致 謝 致 謝首先，衷心感謝我的導(dǎo)師陳勇副教授及成都學(xué)院的老師們，在我完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的過程中，他們給予了悉心指導(dǎo)和大力支持，他們的淵博的知識(shí)和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)作風(fēng)給我留下了深刻的印象。感謝微電子系05級(jí)3班的同學(xué)，他們不僅在工具的使用、資料的查找和理論分析方面給了極大的幫助和支持，而且一起進(jìn)行討論研究，深化了我對(duì)課題的認(rèn)識(shí)，并在實(shí)物制作的過程中提供了指導(dǎo)，沒有這些老師和同學(xué)所得幫助，也就沒有本課題的順利完成。同時(shí)，對(duì)四年來(lái)一直給予我關(guān)心和幫助的微電子技術(shù)系全體老師和同學(xué)表示衷心的感謝！感謝我的父母和家人的支持。感謝在百忙之中抽出時(shí)間參加論文評(píng)閱的各位專家。 39 外文資料原文外文資料原文外文資料原文LED history 50 years ago, people have to understand semiconductor materials can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first mercial diodes in 1960. English is the LED light emitting diode (LED) acronym, and its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed in a wire rack, then sealed with epoxy resin around, that is, solid package, Therefore, the protection of the internal batteries can play the role of line, so the seismic performance LED good. LED is the core of the Ptype semiconductor and ponents of the Ntype semiconductor chips, the Ptype semiconductor and Ntype semiconductor between a transition layers, called the PN junction. In some semiconductor materials in the PN junction, the injection of a small number of carriercarrier and the majority of the extra time will be in the form of light energy to release, thus the power to direct conversion of solar energy. PN junction on reverse voltage, a few hardcarrier injection, it is not luminous. This use of injection electroluminescent diodes is produced by the principle of lightemitting diodes, monly known as LED. When it in a positive state of the work (that is, at both ends with forward voltage), the current flows from the LED anode, cathode, semiconductor crystals on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors, light and the strength of the currents. Instruments used for the first LED light source instructions, but all kinds of light colored LED lights in traffic and large screen has been widely applied, have very good economic and social benefits. The 12inch red traffic lights as an example, is used in the United States have long life, lowefficiency 140 watt incandescent lamp as a light source, it produced 2,000 lumens of white light. The red filter, the loss90 percent, only 200 lumens of red light. In the light of the new design, Lumileds panies have 18 red LED light source, including the loss of circuit, a total power consumption of 14 watts to generate the same optical effect. Automotive LED lights are also the source of important areas. For general lighting, people need more white light sources. The 1998 white LED successful development. This is the GaN LED chip and Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) package together cause. GaN chip of the Bluray (λ p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of hightemperature sintering of the Ce3 + YAG phosphors excited by this Bluray after irradiating a yellow, the peak 550 nm. Bluechip installed in the LEDbased Wanxing reflection in the cavity, covered with a resin mixed with YAG thin layer, about 200500 nm. LEDbased tablets issued by the Bluray absorption part of the phosphor, the phosphor another part of the Bluray and a yellow light mixed, can be a white. Now, the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical position of the phosphor layer and adjust the thickness of the 350010000 K color temperature can be colored white. This blue LED through the method by white, constructed simple, lowcost, high technology is mature, so use the most. In the 1960s, the use of science and technology workers semiconductor PN junction of The principle of developing a LED lightemitting diodes. At that time, the development of LED, the materials used are GaASP , its luminous color is red. After nearly 30 years of development, and now we are very familiar with the LED, has been sent to red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and other shade. However lighting necessary for white LED light only in recent years to develop, readers here to tell us about lighting with white LED.譯 文中文譯文LED歷史 50年前人們已經(jīng)了解半導(dǎo)體材料可產(chǎn)生光線的基本知識(shí)，第一個(gè)商用二極管產(chǎn)生于1960年。LED是英文light emitting diode（發(fā)光二極管）的縮寫，它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是一塊電致發(fā)光的半導(dǎo)體材料，置于一個(gè)有引線的架子上，然后四周用環(huán)氧樹脂密封，即固體封裝，所以能起到保護(hù)內(nèi)部芯線的作用，所以LED的抗震性能好。 發(fā)光二極管的核心部分是由P型半導(dǎo)體和N型半導(dǎo)體組成的晶片，在P型半導(dǎo)體和N型半導(dǎo)體之間有一個(gè)過渡層，稱為PN結(jié)。在某些半導(dǎo)體材料的PN結(jié)中，注入的少數(shù)載流子與多數(shù)載流子復(fù)合時(shí)會(huì)把多余的能量以光的形式釋放出來(lái)，從而把電能直接轉(zhuǎn)換為光能。PN結(jié)施加反向電壓時(shí)，少數(shù)載流子難以注入，故不發(fā)光。這種利用注入式電致發(fā)光原理制作的二極管叫發(fā)光二極管，通稱LED。 當(dāng)它處于正向工作狀態(tài)時(shí)（即兩端加上正向電壓），電流從LED陽(yáng)極流向陰極時(shí)，半導(dǎo)體晶體就發(fā)出從紫外到紅外不同顏色的光線，光的強(qiáng)弱與電流有關(guān)。 最初LED用作儀器儀表的指示光源，后來(lái)各種光色的LED在交通信號(hào)燈和大面積顯示屏中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，產(chǎn)生了很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。以12英寸的紅色交通信號(hào)燈為例，在美國(guó)本來(lái)是采用長(zhǎng)壽命、低光效的140瓦白熾燈作為光源，它產(chǎn)生2000流明的白光。經(jīng)紅色濾光片后，光損失90%，只剩下200流明的紅光。而在新設(shè)計(jì)的燈中，Lumileds公司采用了18個(gè)紅色LED光源，包括電路損失在內(nèi)，共耗電14瓦，即可產(chǎn)生同樣的光效。 汽車信號(hào)燈也是LED光源應(yīng)用的重要領(lǐng)域。 對(duì)于一般照明而言，人們更需要白色的光源。1998年白光的LED開發(fā)成功。這種LED是將GaN芯片和釔鋁石榴石（YAG）封裝在一起做成。GaN芯片發(fā)藍(lán)光（λp=465nm，Wd=30nm），高溫?zé)Y(jié)制成的含Ce3+的YAG熒光粉受此藍(lán)光激發(fā)后發(fā)出黃色光射，峰值550nm。藍(lán)光LED基片安裝在碗形反射腔中，覆蓋以混有YAG的樹脂薄層，約200500nm。 LED基片發(fā)出的藍(lán)光部分被熒光粉吸收，另一部分藍(lán)光與熒光粉發(fā)出的黃光混合，可以得到得白光?，F(xiàn)在，對(duì)于InGaN/YAG白色LED，通過改變YAG熒光粉的化學(xué)組成和調(diào)節(jié)熒光粉層的厚度，可以獲得色溫350010000K的各色白光。這種通過藍(lán)光LED得到白光的方法，構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單、成本低廉、技術(shù)成熟度高，因此運(yùn)用最多。 上個(gè)世紀(jì)60年代，科技工作者利用半導(dǎo)體PN結(jié)發(fā)光的原理，研制成了LED發(fā)光二極管。當(dāng)時(shí)研制的LED，所用的材料是GaASP