【正文】 duct the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 第 34 頁insufficient to the pletely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brandnew design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods e into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brandnew method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the parison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 第 35 頁finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel39。39。s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: (1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is petitive ability (2) does this product pare with other panies39。39。 existing similar products? (3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4) product service is whether convenient? (5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain?Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal. 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 第 36 頁Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some ponents size or the mon difference makes some changes, causes the ponents the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to plete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method. 中文譯文 A機械設(shè)計理論機械設(shè)計是一門通過設(shè)計新產(chǎn)品或者改進老產(chǎn)品來滿足人類需求的應用技術(shù)科學。它涉及工程技術(shù)的各個領(lǐng)域，主要研究產(chǎn)品的尺寸、形狀和詳細結(jié)構(gòu)的基本構(gòu)思，還要研究產(chǎn)品在制造、銷售和使用等方面的問題。進行各種機械設(shè)計工作的人員通常被稱為設(shè)計人員或者機械設(shè)計工程師。機械設(shè)計是一項創(chuàng)造性的工作。設(shè)計工程師不僅在工作上要有創(chuàng)造性，還必須在機械制圖、運動學、工程材料、材料力學和機械制造工藝學等方面具有深厚的基礎(chǔ)知識。 如前所訴，機械設(shè)計的目的是生產(chǎn)能夠滿足人類需求的產(chǎn)品。發(fā)明、發(fā)現(xiàn)和科技知識本身并不一定能給人類帶來好處，只有當它們被應用在產(chǎn)品上才能產(chǎn)生效益。因而，應該認識到在一個特定的產(chǎn)品進行設(shè)計之前，必須先確定人們是否需要這種產(chǎn)品。應當把機械設(shè)計看成是機械設(shè)計人員運用創(chuàng)造性的才能進行產(chǎn)品設(shè)計、系統(tǒng)分析和制定產(chǎn)品的制造工藝學的一個良機。掌握工程基礎(chǔ)知識要比熟記一些數(shù)據(jù)和公式更為重要。僅僅使用數(shù)據(jù)和公式是不足以在一個好的設(shè)計中做出所需的全部決定的。另一方面，應該認真精確的進行所有運算。例如，即使將一個小數(shù)點的位置放錯，也會使正確的設(shè)計變成錯誤的。一個好的設(shè)計人員應該勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承擔一定的風險，當新的方法不適用時，就使用原來的方法。因此，設(shè)計人員必須要有耐心，因為 所花費的時間和努 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 第 37 頁力并不能保證帶來成功。一個全新的設(shè)計，要求屏棄許多陳舊的，為人們所熟知的方法。由于許多人墨守成規(guī)，這樣做并不是一件容易的事。一位機械設(shè)計師應該不斷地探索改進現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品的方法，在此過程中應該認真選擇原有的、經(jīng)過驗證的設(shè)計原理，將其與未經(jīng)過驗證的新觀念結(jié)合起來。新設(shè)計本身會有許多缺陷和未能預料的問題發(fā)生，只有當這些缺陷和問題被解決之后，才能體現(xiàn)出新產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)越性。因此，一個性能優(yōu)越的產(chǎn)品誕生的同時，也伴隨著較高的風險。應該強調(diào)的是，如果設(shè)計本身不要