a-brief-history-of-english-資料下載頁
2025-06-28 10:58本頁面
【正文】 sh the language was the development of the dictionary. The first English dictionary was published in 1603。 it was a list of 2,500 words briefly defined. Many others were published with gradual improvements until Samuel Johnson24 published his English Dictionary in 1755. This, steadily revised, dominated the field in England for nearly a hundred years. The last century has seen the publication of one great dictionary: the twelvevolume Oxford English Dictionray, piled in the course of seventyJive years through the labors of many scholars. We have also, of course. numerous mercial dictionaries which are as good as, the public wants them to be if not, indeed, rather better.發(fā)展字典的原因之一就是為了確立英語這門語言并規(guī)定其用法。第一部英語字典出版于1603年，包含了2500個單詞的簡單定義。此后又有許多字典問世，不斷取得進步。直到1755年塞繆爾約翰遜出版了《詞典》，幾經(jīng)修訂，這部字典在此后的100年中成為了權(quán)威。上個世紀，一部偉大的字典出版了，那就是長達12卷的《牛津英語字典》，這部字典的編撰歷時75年，集合無數(shù)學(xué)者的心血。此外，還編撰了許多商務(wù)字典，即使不能算盡善盡美，至少也滿足了人們的實際需求。Another product of the eighteenth century was the invention of “English grammar”. As English came to replace Latin as the language of scholarship, it was felt that one should also be able to control and dissect it, parse and analyze it, as one could Latin. What happened in practice was that the grammatical description that applied to Latin was removed and superimposed on English. This was silly, because English is an entirely different kind of language, with its own forms and signals and ways of producing meaning. Nevertheless, English grammars on the Latin model were worked out and taught in the schools. In many schools they are still being taught. This activity is not often popular with school children, but it is sometimes an interesting and instructive exercise in logic. The principal harm in it is that it has tended to keep people from being interested in English and has obscured the real features of English structure.十八世紀的另一項成果是制定了英語語法。隨著英語取代拉丁語成為學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的通用語言，人們感到有必要象拉丁語一樣對這門語言進行限定、分析或描述。實際的做法是用分析拉丁語的語法描述法來分析英語。這種做法相當(dāng)愚蠢，因為英語是一門完全不同的語言，擁有獨立的形式、符號和表達意思的方式。然而，人們?nèi)匀话凑绽≌Z的模式制定了英語語法并且使用到教學(xué)中。許多學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在仍然在教授這樣的英語語法。雖然不受學(xué)生的歡迎，但有時候也是一項有趣且有益的邏輯練習(xí)。這種教學(xué)法最大的危害是往往會使人們失去對學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，并且掩蓋了英語語言結(jié)構(gòu)的真實特征。But probably the most important force on the development of English in the modern period has been the tremendous expansion of Englishspeaking peoples. In 1500 English was a minor language, spoken by a few people on a small island. Now it is perhaps the greatest language of the world, spoken natively by over a quarter of billion people and as a second language. by many millions more.然而推動現(xiàn)代英語發(fā)展的最重要的力量是說英語人口的大量擴張。在1500年，英語只是一門小語言，是一個小島上的一小群居民的母語?，F(xiàn)在則成了世界第一語言，更是數(shù)億人的第二語言。
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