a-brief-history-of-english(已修改)
2025-07-10 10:58 本頁面
【正文】 A Brief History of EnglishNo understanding of the English language can be very satisfactory without a notion of the history of the language. But we shall have to make do with just a notion. The history of English is long and plicated, and we can only hit the higl1 spots.不了解英語的歷史很難真正掌握這門語言，然而對此我們只能做到略有所知。因為英語的歷史既漫長又復雜，我們只能抓住其發(fā)展過程中的幾個關(guān)鍵時期。At the time of the Ro1nan Empire, the speakers of what was to bee English were scattered along the northern coast of Europe. They spoke a dialect of Low German. More exactly, they spoke several different dialects, since they were several different tribes. The names given to the tribes who got to England are Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who are referred to collectively as AngloSaxons4.在羅馬帝國時期，散居在歐洲北部沿海的居民說一種西部德語的方言，這就是英語的前身。更確切地說，由于隸屬于不同的部落，他們說的是幾種不同的方言。這些后來遷移到英格蘭的部落被稱為盎格魯人、撒克遜人和朱特人，現(xiàn)在則被統(tǒng)稱為盎格魯撒克遜人。Not much is known about the arrival of the AngloSaxons in England. We do know, however, that the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes were a long time securing themselves in England. Fighting went on for as long as a hundred years before the Celts in England were all killed, driven into Wales, or reduced to slavery. By 550 or so the AngloSaxons were firmly established. English was in England.這些部落何時遷移到英格蘭的，我們沒有掌握確切信息。但是據(jù)我們所知，在很長一段時間內(nèi)他們?yōu)樽孕l(wèi)而戰(zhàn)。與凱爾特人的戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了一百多年，直到英格蘭境內(nèi)的凱爾特人不是被殺，就是被迫流亡到威爾士或淪為奴隸。到了公元550年前后，盎格魯撒克遜人才定居下來。英語從此來到了英格蘭。It is customary to divide the history of the English, language into three periods: Old English, Middle English, Modern English. Old English runs from the earliest records i. e. seventh century to about 1100。 Middle English from 1100 to 1450 or 1500。 Modern English from 1500 to the present day.我們習慣上把英語的發(fā)展分為三個時期：古英語，中世紀英語和現(xiàn)代英語。古英語時期從最早的歷史記載即公元七世紀到1100年；中世紀英語時期從1100年到1450或1500年；現(xiàn)代英語時期從1500年至今。When England came into history, it was divided into several more or less autonomous kingdoms, some of which at times exercised a certain amount of control over the others. In the sixth century the most advanced kingdom was Northurnbria. Two centuries later, Wessex, the country of the West Saxons, became the leading power. The most famous king of the West Saxons was Alfred the Great, who was famous not only as a military man and adm1n1strator but also as a champion of learning. He founded and supported schools ar1d translated or caused to be translated many books from Latin into English.根據(jù)最早的歷史記載，當時的英格蘭被分裂為幾個享有一定自治權(quán)利的王國。在一定時期，其中的某一個王國對其他王國實行一定的統(tǒng)治。公元六世紀，最強大的王國是諾森伯里亞。兩個世紀之后，由西撒克遜人建立的威塞克斯王國成為了領(lǐng)袖，其最富盛名的國王叫阿爾弗烈德大帝，他不僅是一個卓越的軍事家和管理者，還是個大學問家。他出資建校，而且親自動筆或請人將許多拉丁語的書籍翻譯成英語。In the military sphere, Alfred3
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