【正文】
地區(qū)差距問題。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),一個省區(qū)市如果在發(fā)展其工業(yè)時推行違背比較優(yōu)勢的戰(zhàn)略,那么其整體的GDP增長將受到負面的影響。從表1中報告的各省區(qū)市TCI指數(shù)的具體取值來看,中西部省區(qū)市的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略較之東部省區(qū)市而言,更加接近于違背比較優(yōu)勢的戰(zhàn)略。因此,中西部地區(qū)推行的錯誤的工業(yè)發(fā)展模式,是導致觀察到的1978年以來逐漸擴大的地區(qū)差距的重要原因。為了在經(jīng)濟增長過程中縮小地區(qū)差距,對各省區(qū)市而言,尤其是對那些中西部省區(qū)市而言,亟需根據(jù)其各自的比較優(yōu)勢優(yōu)化其增量投資,以便調(diào)整其現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。一個地區(qū)要違背自身比較優(yōu)勢而發(fā)展經(jīng)濟,那么其企業(yè)就要選擇超越其要素稟賦結(jié)構(gòu)的產(chǎn)業(yè)、產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu),進而這些企業(yè)就沒有自生能力,需要政府的保護/補貼。加入WTO之后中國政府保護/補貼企業(yè)的可能性大為降低。正是出于這個考慮,中國政府在“十五計劃”中正式全面確立了“比較優(yōu)勢”原則在農(nóng)業(yè)、制造業(yè)、服務業(yè)以及在經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整當中的地位。由于地區(qū)之間自然條件差異的作用,地區(qū)差距難以徹底消除。但是加入WTO之后的新條件下,地區(qū)差距拉大的趨勢將得到遏制。 參 考 文 獻Barro, Robert J. (1991), “Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106:5,407443.Barro, Robert J. and SalaIMartin,Xavier (1991), “Convergence Across States and Regions,” Brookings Papers on Economics Activity, No. 1,107182. Barro, Robert J. and SalaIMartin,Xavier (1992), “Convergence,” Journal of Political Economy, 100:4, 223251.Chen, Baizhu, and Yi Feng. (2000). “Determinants of Economic Growth in China: Private Enterprise, Education and Openness”, China Economic Review, 11 (1):1–15.Cheng, Y. (2002), “Regional Growth Dynamics in China: A Reexamination of σconvergence and βconvergence.” Mimeo, International Workshop on the Chinese Economy, Shanghai.DayalGulati,Anuradha and Aasim (2000),“Centripetal Forces in China’s Economic Takeoff”,IMF Working Paper,WP/00/86.D233。murger, S., Jeffrey D. Sachs, Wing T. Woo, Shuming Bao, Gene Chang and Andrew Mellinger (2001), “Geography, Economic Policy and Regional Development in China”. CID Working Paper, No. 77.Fleisher, Belton M. and Jian Chen (1997), “The CoastNoncoast Ine Gap, Productivity, and Regional Economic Policy in China”, Journal of Comparative Economics: 25 (2), 220236.Jian, Tianlun, Jeffery D. Sacks, Andrew M. Warner (1996), “Trends in Regional Inequality in China”, NBER working paper, No. 5412.Lee, Jongchul. (1994). “Regional Differences in the Impact of the Open Door Policy on Ine Growth in China”, Journal of Economic Development, 19 (1):215–34.Lin, J. Y. (1992), “Rural Reforms and Agricultural Growth in China,” American Economic Review, 82:1, 3451.Lin, . and Yao Yang (2001) “Chinese Rural Industrialization in the Context of the East Asian Miracle,” in Joseph E. Stigilitz and Shahid Yusuf eds. Rethinking the East Asian Miracle, Oxford and New York: the Oxford University Press, pp. 14395.Lin, J. Y. and Tan G. (1999), “Policy Burden, Accountability, and the Soft Budget Constraint,” American Economic Review :Papers and Proceedings, 88,422427.Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D. and Weil, D. N. (1992), “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 407437.Solow, R. M. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70:1, 6594.Tsui, Kai Yuen, (1991), “China’s Regional Inequality: 195219985”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 15: 121.Tsui, Kai Yuen, (1993), “Deposition of China’s Regional Inequalities”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 17: 600627.Tusi, Kaiyuan (1996), “Economic Reform and Interprovincial Inequalities,” Journal of Development Economics, 50, 353368.World Bank (1995), China’s Regional Disparities, report No. 14496CHA, Country Operations Division, China and Mongolia Department, East Asia and Pacific Regional Office.World Bank (1997), “Sharing Rising Ines: disparities in China”, China 2020 series, Washington .Yang, Dali L.(1990), “Patterns of China39。s Regional Development Strategy”, The China Quarterly, No. 122, pp. 230257.Young, Alwyn (2000), “The Razor’s Edge: Distortions and Incremental Reform in the People Republic of China”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, , Nov 2000, . Zhang, Zongyi, Aying Liu, and Shujie Yao (2001), “Convergence of China’s Regional Ines, 1952–1997”, China Economic Review, 12 (2/3):243–58.北京大學中國經(jīng)濟研究中心發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究組 (2002), “關(guān)于技術(shù)選擇指數(shù)的測量與計算”,北京大學中國經(jīng)濟研究中心討論稿。蔡昉、都陽(2000),《中國地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長的趨同與差異──對西部開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的啟示》,《經(jīng)濟研究》2000年第10期。蔡昉,王德文,都陽(2001),“勞動力市場扭曲對區(qū)域差距的影響”, 《中國社會科學》, 2001年第2期,第414頁。國家統(tǒng)計局 (2002),《中國統(tǒng)計摘要2002》,中國統(tǒng)計出版社。國家統(tǒng)計局國民經(jīng)濟綜合統(tǒng)計司 (1999),《新中國五十年統(tǒng)計資料匯編》,中國統(tǒng)計出版社。林毅夫,蔡昉,李周 (1994),《中國的奇跡:發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和經(jīng)濟改革》,上海人民出版社,上海三聯(lián)書店?!?(1997) ,《充分信息與國有企業(yè)改革》,上海人民出版社,上海三聯(lián)書店?!?(1999) ,《中國的奇跡:發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和經(jīng)濟改革(增訂版)》,上海人民出版社,上海三聯(lián)書店。林毅夫(2002a), “發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、自生能力和經(jīng)濟收斂”, 《經(jīng)濟學(季刊)》,第一卷 第2期,第269300頁。林毅夫 (2002b), “自生能力,經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型和新古典經(jīng)濟學反思”,北京大學中國經(jīng)濟研究中心討論稿,林毅夫,劉培林(2001), “自生能力與國企改革” 《經(jīng)濟研究》,2001年第9期,第6070頁。沈坤榮,馬俊(2002),“中國經(jīng)濟增長的‘俱樂部收斂’特征及其成因研究”,《經(jīng)濟研究》,2002年第1期。王夢奎,李善同 主編(2000),《中國地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不平衡問題研究》,商務印書館。魏后凱(1997),“中國地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長及其收斂性”,《中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟》, 1997年第3期,第3137頁?!吨腥A人民共和國第一屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議文件》,人民出版社1955年版。