【正文】 al positions the pression was a mall, 10um.Optical microscope, TV monitor, Hamamatsu CCD camera and sonny UP 3000 color video printer. Dielectric constants of the gels and gel p as its were calculated form capacitance readings measured on a Solectron 1260 Impedance/Gain phase Analyzer. Flexible electrodes, 5 x x cm, were pared by sputtering gold onto Xerox transparencies Using a Denton II desktop sputter coat with a gold source.RESULIS AND DISCUSSIONERFS between Flexible ElectrodesIf flexible electrodes should be placed in an insular Ting solution and an electric field applied, they would be attracted to one another and short out the cell. Ho weaver, when the flexible electrodes were placed in an ERF in a DC electric field, the particles aligned in the field direction and held the flexible electrodes apart even at such electric fields as 70 k v /cm. The electrodes still came together a small amount due to the attraction. Unfortunates, when the field was shut off, the ERF particles remained somewhat aligned (solidified) and took times ranging from seconds up to a few minutes to ret urn to their unordered state (liquid). Thus, at zero electric field there was no fast restoring force to return the electrodes to their original position some thing elastic was needed to generate this restoring force. Because we used an ERF that contained silicone oil, a PDMS gel was investigated. Frequency (HZ)Figure 2. Displacement of electrodes of the 60/40 PDMS/ERF rams applied fields were 4kv/cmFigure displacement of each electrode in various posite gels a .the applies DC electric field.Gels between Flexible ElectrodesThe PDMS gel was cured between two flexible electrodes placed 5 mm apart , as shown in Figure both DC and AC electric fields, a slight pression (10 um) Applied Field (kv/cm) of the gel was noted. When the electric field was turned off (DC) or when E=0 (AC), the blastomeric nature of the gel supplied the restoring force to return the electrodes to their original positions. Therefore, in a15 HZ AC field, the electrodes moved in and out at twice the applied frequency. At frequencies 15HZ the field change was too fast for the electrodes to follow, and only a pression was seen. The applied electric field was varied from 320 k v/cm and frequencies ranged form 1HZ to 1 MHZ .An increase in pression (1um).When the PDMS gel was then swollen with silicone oil and an electric field was applied the pression increased slightly, but was still small(12um). The response time for both the DC and AC response was determined by videotaping the setup and using framebyframe playback to determine when the flexible electrodes started moving the time response is. Therefore, defined as the time lapse between the application of either the DC electric field and the onset. TableⅠ. Dielectric Constants of Various Gels and Displacement of a Single Electrode in a 15KV/cm DC Field Dielectric DisplacementMaterials Constant (um)RTV 6136 6RTV+Li trifoliate 8RTV+KSCN 1260/40 RTV/ERF 6560/40 RTV/ERF +KSCN 75 Of, option the PDMS gel and the silicone oil swollen gel to the electric field was 100ms,this method did not allow for hog her precisionsERFS and Cells between Flexible ElectrodesComposite gels with varying PDMS/ERF ratios were next cured between two flexible electrodes 5 mm apart, in the same manner as in Figure application of a DC eletric field the PDMS/ERF gel was reversibly pressed and the response time of the gel was again less than an applied AC electric field, the PDMS/ERF gel was pressed and returned to its original position at wince the applied frequency. The field strength was varied from320KV/cm and frequencies ranged from 1HZ to 1MHZ. The change in maximum displacement with increasing frequency from at 4KV/cm is shown in Figure measured displacement was the movement of a single electrode。 the other electrode also had the same displacement. Above 15HZ, the AC field change was too fast for the PDMS gel to press and relax in time with the frequency. Initially, the smaller the PDMS/ERF ratio, the larger the response of the posite gel to the electric field。 this is shown graphically in Figure 3. At ratios much smaller than 60/40 PDMS/ERF, however, the restoring force of the gel was weak, at ratios much larger than 60/40 PDMS/ERF the posite gel response was smaller and may have been hindered by the increase in the crosslink density of the gel that allowed less movement Not of the ERF particles. The pression of all posite gels increased as the field strength increased (). The p [onsite gel displacement was greatest using the 60/40 PDMS/ERF bination.Using an optical microscope, it was possible to see some alignment of the ERF particles in the posite gels when in an applied electric field. However, due to the opacity of the ERF gels, a clear picture could not be obtained.Salts were added to both the PDMS and the PDMS/ERF posite gels in an effort to determine whether there was a salt dependence on the displacement of the electrodes. Table 1 shows the dielectric constants of the gels and the measured DC displacement of the electrode. No significant increase in electrode displacement with the added salts was noted. As shown in Figure 3, the added salt does not seem to significantly affect the overall the displacement of the 60/40 PDMS/ERF posite gel electrode De.The ActuatorA small electromechanical actuator was then created using the 60/40 PDMS/ERF gel. As shown in Figure 4, the 60/40 PDMS/ERF gel was cured between two flexible electrodes 5 mm apart, with PDMS gel surrounding the electrodes A narrow, rectangular piece of balsa wood,3 0 x 7 x 2 mm, was glued to the flexib