【正文】 upgrading of facilities is being considered. Typical Assignments As part of the Guyana Health Sector Policy and Institutional Development Program funded by IADB, RMC designed a financial MIS/accounting system for health care delivery at the national/regional level and for the principal acute care facility in Georgetown. IS/IT Strategic Planning Review for the Trinidad amp。 Tobago Ministry of Health. Assessment of the IS/IT requirements of the Directorate of Quality Management, and a remended course of action with respect to the multiyear $135 million IADB funded Health Sector Reform Program leading to the establishment of a National Health Information Centre and the coordination of IS/IT upgrades for the principal medical sciences centre in the country. Secondment of a Senior Principal for a one year period to be the Director of the Project Management Office (PMO) of a Smart Systems for Health project of the Ontario Ministry of Health. The objectives for the PMO was to design infrastructure to deliver Smart System products and services。 establish standards and policy for the future use of the technology。 remend governance, financing and security policies。 coordinate efforts of health sector and technology partners。 and raise health policy issues for determination by the Ministry of Health. About 80 professionals, including three from RMC were involved during the course of the project. In RMC39。s capacity as Advisors to the Estonia / World Bank Health Project, several information systems were developed and implemented for the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) at the Estonian Ministry of Social Affairs. These included: a prehensive project accounting system to address all of the financial reporting requirements. a project management system to facilitate the planning, scheduling and progress monitoring of project tasks. This system schedules and monitors project procurement activities for performance, scheduling and cost control. Corporate Subject Database Profiles to serve as the initial guide for developing a prehensive information system to support the broad information requirements associated with Estonia39。s future health financing system. Similar to the Estonia project, an assignment was conducted for the Republic of Georgia World Band Health Project。 and for the Albania World Bank Health Project. As part of RMC39。s work advising Poland on restructuring its health services, our professional staff assisted the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to develop an information systems strategy and determine appropriate puter hardware and software requirements. At the national and regional levels, the scope of our work included establishing MIS for planning and monitoring the delivery of health services. At the institutional level, our work covered the development of a prehensive program for the acquisition of puter systems. RMC designed a prehensive portfolio of puterized health management information systems for the Ugandan Ministry of Health to support national and district health information needs. This included systems to gather and manage data resources。 analyze the public39。s health status。 plan the program, service and resource requirements。 monitor the effectiveness, cost and efficiency of the health care delivery systems。 and support research and development initiatives. Conceptual design of an integrated health care planning system and related planning models was also developed as a byproduct of this project. RMC analyzed the existing accounting and management information system for the delivery of health care services in the Bahamas, then designed and initiated an implementation program of an improved, integrated, puterized accounting and management information system for the Ministry of Health and the two hospitals. RMC also developed productivity standards for the MIS based on the Canadian Health Association39。s MIS guidelines, modified to reflect the Bahamian environment. RMC worked jointly with the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia on puter assisted planning for Alberta Hospitals and Medical Care. The Phase 1 feasibility study assessed extent, costs and implications of developing a puterbased tool to facilitate all predesign and functional planning. Phase 2 included development of software and hardware requirements. 附 錄2：外文譯文管理信息系統(tǒng)有關(guān)信息系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)介紹：什么是管理信息系統(tǒng)？管理信息系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域的研究起始于上世紀(jì)80年代早期。那個時候在最終用戶和技術(shù)開發(fā)人員（比如：程序員）之間存在著溝通問題。管理信息系統(tǒng)主要考慮的是這樣三個關(guān)鍵詞（管理，信息和系統(tǒng)），這三個關(guān)鍵字之間存在著很強(qiáng)的牽連關(guān)系。管理：管理信息中的管理資源包括人、機(jī)器（如技術(shù)和計算機(jī)）、資金和時間等等。在管理信息系統(tǒng)中你必須把下面這三個管理要素聯(lián)系在一起來考慮，這三個要素是：效力、效率和收益性。效力一個公司怎么才能更好的實現(xiàn)他們所要達(dá)到的商業(yè)目的呢；有這樣一個例子：提供高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)水平可以被示為一個商業(yè)目標(biāo)，這個通常作為一個公司的使命來闡述的，此外還有目標(biāo)管理（MBO）等等。效率也就是說把資源最好的利用起來，在公司中所有支出和所有收入相除得出的就是生產(chǎn)力。一般來說生產(chǎn)力是通過輸出對輸入的比例來衡量的。這里，輸出就象征著收入和市場共享等等。同樣輸入象征著勞動力、原始材料、行政的花費(fèi)、周轉(zhuǎn)的成本和跟IT有關(guān)的花費(fèi)。收益性在信息系統(tǒng)文學(xué)中經(jīng)驗的學(xué)習(xí)被報道這對管理者的信心起著相反的作用，在這之前和之后，新開發(fā)的信息系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行就利用率方面而言并沒有存在很大的不同。換句話說，就是新的信息系統(tǒng)不再對所有的增長產(chǎn)生很大的收益。一般來說，在商業(yè)中一般有著下劃線的文字就是收益的代表。如果不加強(qiáng)收益性的重要性，那么什么才是我們要去克服所有的困難去開發(fā)并完成一個新的信息系統(tǒng)的要點呢？使用IT并不一定能夠解決好所有的商業(yè)情形。不管什么時候一個新的IT或者一個新的信息系統(tǒng)的被執(zhí)行的情況下、都會招致一些附加的花費(fèi)。這些花費(fèi)包括硬件花費(fèi)、軟件花費(fèi)、培訓(xùn)花費(fèi)、維護(hù)花費(fèi)等等。因此，對成本利益的分析應(yīng)該對于一個新系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行處于一個優(yōu)先的地位。信息：信息跟計算機(jī)是相關(guān)聯(lián)的，同時也涉及到一門學(xué)科。對于信息來說數(shù)據(jù)就是資源。如果這些數(shù)據(jù)在用一個特定的方法來處理的話，他們就成為了 “信息”在IT業(yè)這是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。如果數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚淼脑?，信息能夠很容易的通過計算機(jī)（IT）來提取。因此，在MIS中的第二個字母就象征著IT和COMPUTER。當(dāng)然，信息也能夠通過簡單的方法來獲取，比如通過辦事員手工的資料排架的一些方法。在數(shù)據(jù)處理方面用計算機(jī)來進(jìn)行處理的確的要比過去的那些方法更有效。系統(tǒng)：如果開發(fā)了一個好的信息系統(tǒng)，通過系統(tǒng)的自我運(yùn)行能夠幫助人民減少一些必要的商業(yè)進(jìn)程。系統(tǒng)來自于系統(tǒng)理論，提升系統(tǒng)的重要性會更接近于問題的解決并用一個介質(zhì)化的方法去適應(yīng)和控制自動化。在系統(tǒng)開發(fā)進(jìn)程中電腦程序和軟件工程人員/開發(fā)人員已經(jīng)意識到這是唯一一種能夠在以后的開發(fā)過程中盡可能減少錯誤的方法。當(dāng)你開發(fā)出一個新的好的系統(tǒng)被用于正確的商業(yè)操作和決策處理，你不想要開發(fā)一個基于正確商業(yè)方法的電腦程序。你也可以在對當(dāng)前的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的分析以后來開發(fā)一個新的模型。所以為以后盡可能的避免錯誤/失誤的發(fā)生應(yīng)該保存好這些資源信息。因此，商業(yè)進(jìn)程的在處理就如同一個沒有一個聲音理解系統(tǒng)理論和觀念。管理信息系統(tǒng)是一個科學(xué)的領(lǐng)域，它主要研究以下幾點內(nèi)容（1）這樣才能更好的管理技術(shù)（2）怎樣才能更好的設(shè)計信息系統(tǒng)，以便能夠增強(qiáng)企業(yè)的效力、效率和收益性。管理信息系統(tǒng)在過去10到15年作為一個新的學(xué)科產(chǎn)生了。這個思想一直被研究著，直到概念得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。在這個類型的課題中由于一個老師的見解產(chǎn)生了一個很重要的影響。管理信息系統(tǒng)中特定的分類1 .系統(tǒng)計劃2 .系統(tǒng)開發(fā)3 .系統(tǒng)回顧和提高4 .特殊的計算機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)計劃簡單的計劃編制 ，分布式處理系統(tǒng)，系統(tǒng)的組織，管理和全體人員的開發(fā)和培訓(xùn)和一些新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。系統(tǒng)開發(fā)系統(tǒng)可行性研究學(xué)習(xí)和價值