【正文】 r.Mode of operationConsider the high pressure tank 110 to be charged with air, nitrogen, or other pneumatic fluid to a pressure considerably in excess of the water pressures to be encountered by the projector 10. Also consider the valve 120 to be in a closed condition. As the projector 10 is lowered in the water to its operating depth, the pressure equilibrium control system automatically adjusts the pressure in conduits 102, 106, and in chambers 44, 58, 76 and 96 to equal the ambient water pressure. Accordingly, the pistons 20 and 50 have equal pressures on all sides thereof and remain stationary. Poppet valve 74 will be held on its seat by spring 84, and slide valve 64 will be located with groove 66 aligned with the inlet port 70.The pressure reducing regulator valve 114 will have pneumatic fluid pressure equal to ambient water pressure provided via conduit 104 and port 162 to act on piston 170 in addition to the force of spring 180. The piston 170 bears against plunger 172, the stem of which will unseat the valve member 152 to permit pneumatic fluid from the high pressure tank 110 to pass through passage 148 into bore 142 so as to act against piston 170 in a direction tending to press spring 180. When the pressure in port 164 and conduit 118 reaches a predetermined differential over ambient water pressure, the piston 170 will have been moved against spring 180 sufficiently to allow spring 154 and the high pressure fluid to close valve member 152. Valve 114 continuously operates in the foregoing manner as necessary to reduce the high pressure fluid from tank 110 and maintain in conduit 118 a desired predetermined pressure differential relative to ambient water pressure.Now, if the solenoid valve 120 is energized to an open condition, pneumatic fluid, reduced in pressure by regulator valve 114, will be admitted through port 70, groove 66, and passage 68 into the chamber 58. The reduced pressure pneumatic fluid entering chamber 58, while at lower pressure than in tank 110, is of sufficiently high pressure to cause piston 50 to move piston 20 outwardly against the ambient water pressure. When the pressure in chamber 58 acting on poppet valve 74 is sufficient to overe the force of spring 84, that valve moves away from its seat and because of its connection by rod 72 to the slide valve 64, the latter is moved to interrupt flow through inlet port 70. Since chamber 76 is maintained by the equilibrium control system 100 at a pressure substantially equal to ambient pressure, the result is a rapid or sudden drop in pressure in chamber 58, thereby allowing ambient water pressure to move pistons 20 and 50 toward the respective chambers 44 and 58.When the pressure in chamber 58 has fallen substantially to the equilibrium pressure, valve 74 closes, valve 64 opens port 70, and regulated high pressure pneumatic fluid is again admitted to the chamber 58 to act on piston 50. It will be recognized that the cycle will be repeated in an oscillatory manner at a frequency determined in part by the pressure differential between the regulated high pressure output of valve 114 and the ambient or equilibrium pressure. It will also be recognized that the stroke of the pistons 50 and 20, and hence the amplitude of the water displacement by the latter, are a function of the tension of spring 84. Accordingly, the described signal generating mechanism produces an oscillating or cyclic reciprocation o| piston 20 that produces an acoustic signal, in the surrounding water, having a frequency and amplitude that is selectable by adjustment of adjusting screws 186 and 88. The frequency of operation may be ultra low that is in the range of say 5 to 100 Hz, and yet very efficient in the use of onboard stored energy. The oscillations may be characterized as abrupt, more or less squarewaye like, and broadband. By providing suitable restrictions in flow ports 70 and 90, the oscillations may, if desired, be made more sinusoidal.Pnuematic flow exhausted through port 90 is normally pumped by the pressor 130 back into the high pressure tank 110. If a condition exists such that the pressor 130 cannot keep up with the signal generator exhaust, the surplus air will automatically be routed to the accumulator of the equilibrium control system for storage at ambient pressure. If the condition is not corrected, and a positive pressure (over ambient) develops in the accumulator, the signal generator oscillations will cease automatically, because of loss of the required differential for operation, until the pressor is able to restore the required pressure balance. Normally, the pressor will cycle on and off as necessary to keep the necessary high pressure in the tank 100, and to permit the equilibrium control system to maintain pressure equilibrium, as earlier described, relative to ambient pressures.二、英文翻譯：超低頻聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器摘 要水下超低頻聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器設(shè)計(jì)采用了氣動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)發(fā)生的方式，并將其連接到水中接觸產(chǎn)生信號(hào)的活塞, 其中滑閥和提升閥協(xié)作產(chǎn)生壓力作用在活塞上。通過(guò)壓力平衡控制系統(tǒng)，發(fā)生器參照環(huán)境流體靜壓力不斷的調(diào)節(jié)壓縮空氣。壓縮機(jī)回收發(fā)生器利用排出的廢氣提供大量氣泡維持其運(yùn)作。發(fā)明背景本發(fā)明涉及到水下聲發(fā)射器的壓力平衡，尤其是一個(gè)氣動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的超低頻信號(hào)發(fā)生器在水下的應(yīng)用。 水下聲源發(fā)射器應(yīng)用在很多領(lǐng)域，包括軍事和科學(xué)。 這類發(fā)射器一般包括安裝在動(dòng)力體上聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器，并能在很深的水下工作。另外，它們還需要相當(dāng)大的動(dòng)力，提供在那個(gè)深度下所需的聲源能量。為了使信號(hào)發(fā)生器工作最高效，常用方法是提供一個(gè)壓力系統(tǒng)，在相當(dāng)大的深度范圍內(nèi)，保持信號(hào)發(fā)生器和環(huán)境靜水壓力變化之間的平衡。，專利號(hào)為3,803,544 。用在這種動(dòng)力體上的聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器一般是采用壓電式電磁轉(zhuǎn)換器。這種方式在頻率范圍很廣時(shí)取得了顯著的成就，盡管出于大小和結(jié)構(gòu)的考慮使它們?cè)陬l率減小和靜水壓力增大時(shí)不太令人滿意。發(fā)明總結(jié)根據(jù)前面的描述，它的一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)是能夠提供超低頻聲信號(hào)（5到100赫茲），能夠在 2000英尺或更深的水下有效工作。
另一個(gè)重要的目標(biāo)是提供一種新型氣動(dòng)動(dòng)力聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器。
另一方面，該發(fā)明的目的是提供一個(gè)可在不同頻率和振幅下工作的超低頻信號(hào)發(fā)生器。
然后，我們將符合上述特征的一個(gè)聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器和壓力平衡方法相組合，以便在選定的頻率和振幅下充分穩(wěn)定的工作，而不管深度的變化。
為了更好的理解，本發(fā)明其它目標(biāo)和一些優(yōu)勢(shì)將通過(guò)下面詳細(xì)的描述和附圖來(lái)說(shuō)明。圖樣說(shuō)明圖1是本文發(fā)明的牽引體聲發(fā)射器的透視圖，包括超低頻聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器。圖2是本文發(fā)明的信號(hào)發(fā)生器的示意簡(jiǎn)圖。圖3是信號(hào)發(fā)生器的組成部分頻率控制調(diào)節(jié)閥的截面視圖。
操作模型考慮高壓罐110填充的空氣、氮?dú)饣蚱渌麣鈩?dòng)液體產(chǎn)生的壓力大大超過(guò)了發(fā)射器10所遇到的水的壓力。同樣考慮閥120在一個(gè)封閉的環(huán)境下。當(dāng)發(fā)射器10被放在其水下工作的深度，壓力平衡控制系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)的調(diào)節(jié)管道10106和空腔4576和96內(nèi)的壓力以平衡環(huán)境水壓。因此，活塞20和50在各個(gè)面上有相等的壓力，且保持不變。提升閥74通過(guò)支座上的彈簧84支撐，且滑閥64定位在槽66上和進(jìn)氣口70相鄰。
壓力減少調(diào)節(jié)閥114將等于環(huán)境用水壓力的氣動(dòng)流體壓力，經(jīng)管道104和氣門(mén)162作用在活塞170上，彈簧180的力除外?；钊?70作用在柱塞172上，柱塞將取代推動(dòng)閥152允許來(lái)自高壓罐110