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次聲波發(fā)生器的制作畢業(yè)論文(留存版)

  

【正文】 ressure, the piston 170 will have been moved against spring 180 sufficiently to allow spring 154 and the high pressure fluid to close valve member 152. Valve 114 continuously operates in the foregoing manner as necessary to reduce the high pressure fluid from tank 110 and maintain in conduit 118 a desired predetermined pressure differential relative to ambient water pressure.Now, if the solenoid valve 120 is energized to an open condition, pneumatic fluid, reduced in pressure by regulator valve 114, will be admitted through port 70, groove 66, and passage 68 into the chamber 58. The reduced pressure pneumatic fluid entering chamber 58, while at lower pressure than in tank 110, is of sufficiently high pressure to cause piston 50 to move piston 20 outwardly against the ambient water pressure. When the pressure in chamber 58 acting on poppet valve 74 is sufficient to overe the force of spring 84, that valve moves away from its seat and because of its connection by rod 72 to the slide valve 64, the latter is moved to interrupt flow through inlet port 70. Since chamber 76 is maintained by the equilibrium control system 100 at a pressure substantially equal to ambient pressure, the result is a rapid or sudden drop in pressure in chamber 58, thereby allowing ambient water pressure to move pistons 20 and 50 toward the respective chambers 44 and 58.When the pressure in chamber 58 has fallen substantially to the equilibrium pressure, valve 74 closes, valve 64 opens port 70, and regulated high pressure pneumatic fluid is again admitted to the chamber 58 to act on piston 50. It will be recognized that the cycle will be repeated in an oscillatory manner at a frequency determined in part by the pressure differential between the regulated high pressure output of valve 114 and the ambient or equilibrium pressure. It will also be recognized that the stroke of the pistons 50 and 20, and hence the amplitude of the water displacement by the latter, are a function of the tension of spring 84. Accordingly, the described signal generating mechanism produces an oscillating or cyclic reciprocation o| piston 20 that produces an acoustic signal, in the surrounding water, having a frequency and amplitude that is selectable by adjustment of adjusting screws 186 and 88. The frequency of operation may be ultra low that is in the range of say 5 to 100 Hz, and yet very efficient in the use of onboard stored energy. The oscillations may be characterized as abrupt, more or less squarewaye like, and broadband. By providing suitable restrictions in flow ports 70 and 90, the oscillations may, if desired, be made more sinusoidal.Pnuematic flow exhausted through port 90 is normally pumped by the pressor 130 back into the high pressure tank 110. If a condition exists such that the pressor 130 cannot keep up with the signal generator exhaust, the surplus air will automatically be routed to the accumulator of the equilibrium control system for storage at ambient pressure. If the condition is not corrected, and a positive pressure (over ambient) develops in the accumulator, the signal generator oscillations will cease automatically, because of loss of the required differential for operation, until the pressor is able to restore the required pressure balance. Normally, the pressor will cycle on and off as necessary to keep the necessary high pressure in the tank 100, and to permit the equilibrium control system to maintain pressure equilibrium, as earlier described, relative to ambient pressures. 二、英文翻譯:超低頻聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器摘 要水下超低頻聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器設(shè)計(jì)采用了氣動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)發(fā)生的方式,并將其連接到水中接觸產(chǎn)生信號(hào)的活塞, 其中滑閥和提升閥協(xié)作產(chǎn)生壓力作用在活塞上。

壓力減少調(diào)節(jié)閥114將等于環(huán)境用水壓力的氣動(dòng)流體壓力,經(jīng)管道104和氣門162作用在活塞170上,彈簧180的力除外。
另一個(gè)重要的目標(biāo)是提供一種新型氣動(dòng)動(dòng)力聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器。在此,向李老師表示最衷心的感謝和最誠(chéng)摯的敬意。   (3)安裝與調(diào)試。   軟件是微機(jī)系統(tǒng)區(qū)別于其它通用電子設(shè)備的獨(dú)到之處,通過(guò)合理編制軟件可以進(jìn)一步提高系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性。由于受到干擾后計(jì)數(shù)器的值是隨機(jī)的,因而導(dǎo)致程序混亂。   由于單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的工作環(huán)境往往是比較惡劣和復(fù)雜的,其應(yīng)用的可靠性、安全性就成為一個(gè)非常突出的問(wèn)題。 第五章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)第一節(jié) 系統(tǒng)軟件總體設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)軟件總體設(shè)計(jì),初始化時(shí)輸出的是方波,顯示方波的幅值和頻率。RS:寄存器選擇,高電平時(shí)選擇數(shù)據(jù)寄存器;低電平時(shí)選擇指令寄存器。VREF :參考電壓輸入端,此端可接一個(gè)正電壓,也可接一個(gè)負(fù)電壓,它決定0至255的數(shù)字量轉(zhuǎn)化出來(lái)的模擬量電壓值的幅度,VREF范圍為(+10~10)V。復(fù)位電路的工作原理是:通電時(shí),電容兩端相當(dāng)于是短路,于是RST引腳上為高電平,然后電源通過(guò)電阻對(duì)電容充電,RST端電壓慢慢下降,降到一定程度,即為低電平,時(shí)間不少于5ms。當(dāng)作為輸入腳時(shí),被外部拉低的P1 口會(huì)因?yàn)閮?nèi)部上拉而輸出電流(見DC 電氣特性) 。他們兩種都是51系列單片機(jī),都支持ISP在線編程功能。②、低音炮的頻率響應(yīng)和低音炮的擺位以及所處空間有直接的原因,接受次聲信號(hào)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。這樣,我們就得到了一個(gè)時(shí)間為30秒、頻率為10Hz的正弦信號(hào)。頻率差拍式產(chǎn)生次聲是采用兩個(gè)不同頻率的聲波發(fā)生器同時(shí)工作,利用它們頻率的相差來(lái)獲得需要的低頻次聲波??捎糜谇宄仩t燃燒室和煙道內(nèi)的各種熱交換器表面上的積灰和結(jié)渣。三、 次聲的應(yīng)用次聲波具有很大的危害,但同時(shí)人們也可以對(duì)次聲特有的性質(zhì)加以利用。第二節(jié) 基于STC89C52單片機(jī)次聲發(fā)生器總體設(shè)計(jì) 6一、此方案的總體設(shè)計(jì) 6二、電路的設(shè)計(jì) 7第三節(jié) 兩種方案的對(duì)比 9第四節(jié) 本章小結(jié) 9第三章 單片機(jī)的概述 10第一節(jié) 單片機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史及趨勢(shì) 10第二節(jié) STC89C52單片機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)介 12一、 STC89C52的基本特性 12二、 STC89C52單片機(jī)的外部引腳介紹 12第三節(jié) 本章小結(jié) 15第四章 系統(tǒng)硬件的設(shè)計(jì) 16第一節(jié) 總體框圖 16第二節(jié) 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 17第三節(jié) 8位DA轉(zhuǎn)換器DAC0832 17一、 DAC0832的引腳圖及內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 18二、 DAC0832的工作方式 19第四節(jié) 系統(tǒng)顯示功能設(shè)計(jì) 20第五節(jié) 系統(tǒng)按鍵功能設(shè)計(jì) 23第六節(jié) 本章小結(jié) 24第五章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 25第一節(jié) 系統(tǒng)軟件總體設(shè)計(jì) 25第二節(jié) 子系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 25一、 外部中斷0 25二、 外部中斷1 26三、 定時(shí)器0 27第三節(jié) 本章小結(jié) 28第六章 調(diào)試的過(guò)程和出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題分析 29結(jié) 論 32致 謝 33參考文獻(xiàn) 34附 錄 35一、英文原文: 35二、英文翻譯: 41三、源程序: 43 46 第一章 次聲發(fā)生器的概述第一節(jié) 次聲一、 次聲的概念次聲是頻率低于可聽聲頻率范圍的聲波,~20Hz。其主要模塊有單片機(jī)控制模塊、頻率輸出模塊、鍵盤控制模塊及LCD顯示模塊,其中頻率生成模塊由單片機(jī)控制DAC0832生成,鍵盤控制模塊采用5個(gè)按鍵來(lái)選擇波形類型及調(diào)節(jié)頻率、幅值,顯示模塊則采用LCD1602來(lái)顯示波形類型、頻率及幅值,輸出的波形由示波器進(jìn)行檢查。利用接收到的被測(cè)聲源所輻射出的次聲波,探測(cè)它的位置、大小和其他特性,例如通過(guò)接收核爆炸、火箭發(fā)射火炮或臺(tái)風(fēng)所產(chǎn)生的次聲波去探測(cè)這些次聲源的有關(guān)參量。例如人們研制出的“次聲波診療儀”可以檢查人體器官工作是否正常。只要控制好云霧團(tuán)的數(shù)量和起爆時(shí)間間隔,就能獲得所需頻率的次聲波。再利用超重低音音箱產(chǎn)生次聲波。硬件焊接過(guò)程沒(méi)有問(wèn)題之后,就開始程序的編寫。8位單片機(jī)鞏固發(fā)展階段及16位、32位單片機(jī)不斷推出階段(20世紀(jì)90年代至今)。2. 存儲(chǔ)器尋址范圍:64K 字節(jié)ROM 和64K 字節(jié)RAM。DA轉(zhuǎn)換部分:本設(shè)計(jì)采用1塊DAC0832芯片基準(zhǔn)電壓部分:D/A的5V基準(zhǔn)電壓有現(xiàn)成的電源。,當(dāng)ILE為高電平,片選信號(hào) /CS 和寫信號(hào) /WR1為低電平時(shí),輸入寄存器控制信號(hào)為1,這種情況下,輸入寄存器的輸出隨輸入而變化。需在程序的控制下,先把轉(zhuǎn)換的數(shù)據(jù)輸入輸入緩存器,然后在某個(gè)時(shí)刻再啟動(dòng)D/A轉(zhuǎn)換。5個(gè)按鍵分別賦予的意義為:“升高”鍵、“占空比降低”鍵、“頻率升高”鍵、“頻率降低”鍵,“切換波形”鍵??刂茽顟B(tài)失靈。  ?。?)數(shù)據(jù)受干擾發(fā)生變化。   (2)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。這樣做的目的有兩個(gè):一是為了判定動(dòng)作或功能的正常性;二是為了及時(shí)指出故障部位,縮短維修時(shí)間。結(jié) 論本文以STC89C52單片機(jī)為核心,構(gòu)成了一個(gè)基于STC89C52單片機(jī)次聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器。 這類發(fā)射器一般包括安裝在動(dòng)力體上聲信號(hào)發(fā)生器,并能在很深的水下工作。圖2是本文發(fā)明的信號(hào)發(fā)生器的示意簡(jiǎn)圖。
操作模型考慮高壓罐110填充的空氣、氮?dú)饣蚱渌麣鈩?dòng)液體產(chǎn)生的壓力大大超過(guò)了發(fā)射器10所遇到的水的壓力。為了使信號(hào)發(fā)生器工作最高效,常用方法是提供一個(gè)壓
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