【正文】 the text.Ask some of them to read each of the sentences and tell the class the answers.Step3 Research in grammar Discovering useful structures (Ex1 page 37)1. Ask students to work in groups of four to find out（1）the differences between Sentences A and B。（2）which sentence is better。（3）why it is better. Have each group choose a student to present their views to the class.2. Ask students to find out the ellipsis sentences from the reading part.3. Get students to work in pairs to discuss which part of speech is omitted. Step4 Understanding and SummaryT: Let’s look at the next, Grammar (page 90) Present some sentences and encourage the students to find out which words have been left out. T: Observe the following sentences and discuss with your partner to find out what have been left out. Let me show you an example. As we know, when people want the speaker to repeat what he said, they usually say “ Beg your pardon.” Then it is called Ellipsis. The subject “I” has been left out, without changing the meaning of the sentence .OK, now it’s your turn to find out what have been left out.1. Haven’t seen you for ages.2. Some more tea?3. Sounds like a good idea.4. Doesn’t matter.5. Sorry to hear that.6. Pity you couldn’t e7. This way, please.8. Terrible weather!9. Joining us for a drink? 10. Going to the supermarket?Suggested answers:1. I haven’t seen you for ages.2. Would you like some more tea?3. That/It sounds like a good idea.4. It doesn’t matter.5. I’m sorry to hear that.6. It’s/ What pity you couldn’t e7. Step this way, please.8. What terrible weather it is!9. Are you joining us for a drink? 10. Are you going to the supermarket?Grammar – Ellipsis (省略）莎士比亞曾經(jīng)說過：Brevity is the soul of wit.（言以簡為貴）。為了使話說得簡明扼要或避免重復(fù)，英語句子中某個單詞、短語，甚至從句或主句都可以省去。這種省略句中的一個或幾個句子成分而保持句子意思不變的現(xiàn)象，稱為省略。為了使語言簡潔，這種語法現(xiàn)象乘為省略。一、省略的目的省略多見于非正式文體，尤其在對話中，省略是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象。英語中的省略一般說來有三個目的：1．避免重復(fù)，減少累贅省略的主要目的是避免重復(fù)，去掉不必要的累贅和繁瑣。Mike said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he didn39。t e to school to see me the next day.Mike said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he didn39。t.邁克說他第二天要來學(xué)?？次?，但是他并沒有來。（省掉最后九個詞，句子簡潔了許多）2．連接緊密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊省略也是使上下文緊密連接的一種修辭手段。John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.約翰是 1994 年的獲勝者，鮑勃是 1998 年的獲勝者。（Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得比較緊湊）3．強調(diào)重點，突出信息省略的另一作用是突出新的信息Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理講話聲太低，虛偽講話聲太高。（后一分句省略謂語 speaks，突出了 too loud）二、句子成分的省略為了避免重復(fù)，或者為了使某一內(nèi)容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變。1．省略主語Beg your 。（= I beg your pardon.））Serves you right. 你活該（= It serves you right.）2．省略謂語 Anything the matter? 要緊嗎？（= Is anything the matter?）The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。（= The river was deep and the ice was thin.）3. 省略主語和謂語(Are you) Hungry? (I want) Orange juice, please.4．省略表語Are you ready? Yes,I am.你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？我準(zhǔn)備好了。（am 后面省略了表語 ready）5．省略賓語We have to analyze and solve problems.我們必須分析問題并解決問題。(analyze 后省略了賓語 problems)Let39。s do the dishes. I39。ll wash and you39。ll dry.我們洗碗吧，我來洗，你來揩干。（wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語 dishes）6．省略定語He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.他花了一部分錢，其余的都存了起來。（the rest 后面省略了定語 of the money）*7．省略狀語（Even）The wisest man cannot know everything.即使最聰明的人也不可能無所不知。8. 不定式后省略動詞A: Would you like to e to the party? B: I’d love to ( e the party.)三、省略在句子中的應(yīng)用 在一個句子中，省略可分為依賴上下文省略和不依賴上下文省略兩種。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。(一)、簡單句中的省略依賴上下文的省略在對話中最為常用。Like more beer? 再要點啤酒嗎？（= Would you like more beer?）—Would you mind if I used your telephone? 用一下你的電話，你介意嗎？—Not at all. 一點也不。（= I do not mind at all.）—Will he pass this examination? 他這次考試會通過嗎？—Probably. 大概會的。（= He will probably pass the examination.）不依賴于上下文的省略。All aboard! 請上船。（= All go ）Haven39。t seen you for ages! 好久不見了！（省略主語 I）What about having a game of chess? 下盤棋怎么樣？Sounds like a good idea. 聽上去是個好主意。（=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主語）(二)、并列句中的省略Everybody appears well prepared. 看起來大家都準(zhǔn)備好了。（= Everybody appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be）并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常?？梢允÷缘?，以避免重復(fù)。通常被省略的可以是主語、謂語、賓語或其他成分，或句子成分的一部分。省略出現(xiàn)在后一分句John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music.約翰喜歡集郵但不喜歡聽音樂。 （省略主語）省略出現(xiàn)在前一分句We can (win tomorrow39。s match), and certainly will, win tomorrow39。s match.我們能夠，而且一定會在明天的比賽中獲勝。（前一分句省略謂語 + 賓語）前后兩個分句都出現(xiàn)省略They can (pay the full fee) and (they) should pay the full fee.(三)、復(fù)合句中的省略在主從復(fù)合句中，省略的現(xiàn)象是很普遍的。省略主句的句首部分。（I39。m）Sorry I couldn39。t go .很抱歉，我不能去。省略整個主句或主句的一部分（回答問題時常用）。（It is a）Pity he39。s failed. 很遺憾，他失敗了。If he says he39。ll e, he will (e).1. 定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom 常可省略。2.．在一些狀語從句中，如果謂語動詞是 be，主語又和主句的主語一致，或者主語是 it，常常可以把從句中的主語和 be 省略掉。以 when, while, once, until, though, if, unless as if, even if 等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does. 入國問禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Her father told to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.If (it is) necessary, you can refer to the dictionary.He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.3.．在比較從句中通常把和主句重復(fù)的部分省掉。省略謂語的全部James enjoys the theater more than Susun.詹姆斯比蘇姍更喜歡戲劇。Tom has as many books as Jack.湯姆有跟杰克一樣多的書。省略主語和謂語的一部分Brown speaks French as fluently as English.布朗說法語和英語一樣流利。（as 后省略了 he speaks）省略表語部分Mrs. White is not so young as she looks.懷特夫人沒有看上去那樣年輕。（looks 后省略了 young）省略主語和謂語的大部分，保留狀語He is working harder than before.他現(xiàn)在工作比過去努力多了。（than 后省略了 he worked hard）省略主語He drank a little more than was good for him.他喝酒稍有一點過量。（than 后省略了 it）省略賓語You spent more money than I had expected.你花掉的錢比我預(yù)料的多。（expected 后省略了that you should spend）省略從句的全部You are getting slimmer.你越來越苗條了。（simmer 后省略了than you were before）主句和從句中可同時省略一些成分。The sooner (this is done), the better (it will be).(四)、不定式后省略動詞，單獨保留to。常用于be afraid/glad/happy/pleased/delighted, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, tell等后. You may go with them if you want to. Shall I go instead of h