【正文】 9。s lax enforcement at the provincial or city level.或許達(dá)成了一份協(xié)議，但從未成為有約束力的文件；或許國(guó)家一級(jí)有一部完善的法律或法規(guī)，但在省一級(jí)或市一級(jí)卻未得到認(rèn)真執(zhí)行。A few weeks ago, the Commerce Department and the office of the . Trade Representative weled Vice Premier Wang Qishan and other leading Chinese officials for the 21st Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade, where we worked through a variety of specific trade issues. 幾周以前，商務(wù)部和美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表曾歡迎王歧山副總理和中國(guó)的其他高級(jí)官員前來(lái)參加第21屆美中商貿(mào)聯(lián)合委員會(huì)會(huì)議，在那次會(huì)議上，我們解決了許多具體的貿(mào)易問(wèn)題。It was a productive meeting. Vice Premier Wang and his team were responsive to our concerns and they pledged action in a variety of areas critical to American businesses.這是一次富有成效的會(huì)見(jiàn)。國(guó)務(wù)院副總理王岐山和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)我們關(guān)心的問(wèn)題反應(yīng)積極，承諾在對(duì)美國(guó)企業(yè)關(guān)鍵的一些領(lǐng)域采取行動(dòng)。They agreed to remove administrative and regulatory barriers discriminating against American panies selling everything from industrial machinery and tele devices。 to those that restrict . participation in the development of largescale wind farms in China.他們同意取消歧視美國(guó)公司在銷(xiāo)售一切產(chǎn)品上的行政和法規(guī)上的壁壘，包括從工業(yè)機(jī)器和電訊器材到那些限制美國(guó)參與在中國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)大規(guī)模風(fēng)能電場(chǎng)的活動(dòng)。They also agreed to revise one of their major government procurement catalogues to ensure a level playing field for foreign suppliers and to reduce the use of counterfeit software in government offices and stateowned enterprises.他們還同意修改他們的主要政府采購(gòu)目錄，以確保外國(guó)供應(yīng)商有一個(gè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境，并減少盜版軟件在政府部門(mén)和國(guó)有企業(yè)的使用。Additionally, Vice Premier Wang asked the Commerce Department and the . Trade Representative to partner with him on a public campaign to reduce intellectual property rights violations in China, which he is leading.此外，國(guó)務(wù)院副總理王岐山請(qǐng)求商務(wù)部和美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表與他合作進(jìn)行一次減少知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)在中國(guó)被侵權(quán)的公開(kāi)活動(dòng)，他正領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。The American government weles these mitments from China. 美國(guó)政府歡迎中國(guó)作出的這些承諾。But to be clear, they are only a first step. What was agreed to at the JCCT were important statements of principle and policy – but they must be turned into concrete action with results.但需要申明的是，這些都只是第一步。在美中商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會(huì)上達(dá)成的一致都是原則和政策上的重要聲明——但它們必須轉(zhuǎn)化為具體行動(dòng)，取得成果。Take last year’s JCCT, when the Chinese agreed to remove a local content requirement for wind turbine suppliers – a positive step forward.以去年的美中商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會(huì)為例，中國(guó)同意取消對(duì)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)供應(yīng)商當(dāng)?shù)睾康囊蟆粋€(gè)積極的步驟。But soon after, China’s government employed a rule that required foreign businesses seeking to build large scale wind farms in China to have prior experience with such projects in China. The rule might have been different than the local content requirement, but it had the same effect – making it tougher for foreign panies to pete with China’s domestic panies.但之后不久，中國(guó)的政府實(shí)施了一條規(guī)定，要求在中國(guó)進(jìn)行大型風(fēng)能電場(chǎng)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的外國(guó)企業(yè)必須有在中國(guó)做過(guò)同樣項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。該規(guī)定可能與要求當(dāng)?shù)睾坎煌?，但卻有同樣的影響——使外國(guó)公司與中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)難度更大。At this year’s JCCT, we persuaded the Chinese to modify that rule as well.在今年的美中商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會(huì)上，我們同樣說(shuō)服中國(guó)修改了這一規(guī)則。Or look at the issue of intellectual property. We have heard Chinese leaders condemn IPtheft in the strongest terms, and we’ve seen central government laws and regulations written or amended to reflect that sentiment.再看一下知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問(wèn)題。我們已經(jīng)聽(tīng)到中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人最強(qiáng)烈地譴責(zé)對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的侵犯，我們已經(jīng)看到了中央政府的法律和法規(guī)的編寫(xiě)和修訂都反映了這種精神。But American and other foreign panies, in industries ranging from pharmaceuticals and biotechnology to entertainment, still lose billions of dollars from counterfeiting and IPtheft in China every year.但美國(guó)和其他外國(guó)公司，從制藥公司和生物技術(shù)到娛樂(lè)等行業(yè)，每年還是因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)的仿冒及知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)盜用而損失數(shù)十億美元。For example, in the United States, for every $1 in puter hardware sales there is about 88 cents in software sales. But in China, for every dollar in hardware sales there is only eight cents in software sales.例如，在美國(guó)，每銷(xiāo)售1美元的計(jì)算機(jī)硬件，就有88美分的軟件銷(xiāo)售。但在中國(guó)，在硬件上1美元的銷(xiāo)售額只有8美分的軟件銷(xiāo)售。According to the Business Software Alliance, that discrepancy is largely explained by the fact that nearly 80 percent of the software used on puters in China is counterfeit.據(jù)商業(yè)軟件聯(lián)盟說(shuō)，這種差別的主要原因是，在中國(guó)的計(jì)算機(jī)上使用的近80%軟件都是盜用的。So America weles Vice Premier Wang’s pledge to accelerate China39。s crackdown on intellectual property violations. And China will have a very willing partner in this endeavor in the United States. But we will be focused on meaningful outes.因此，美國(guó)歡迎王岐山副總理對(duì)中國(guó)加速打擊侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)行為所做的承諾。對(duì)于中國(guó)在這方面的努力，美國(guó)將非常愿意參與伙伴合作。但是，我們看重的是實(shí)質(zhì)性的結(jié)果。I recognize I39。m not the first foreign official to express concern over the mercial environment in China. But it would be a mistake to portray this concern solely as . selfinterest masquerading as advice.我承認(rèn)，我不是第一位對(duì)中國(guó)商業(yè)環(huán)境表達(dá)關(guān)切的外國(guó)官員。但把這種關(guān)切完全視為美國(guó)以忠告為名謀求自身利益將是錯(cuò)誤的。The Chinese economy is increasingly moving up the global economic value chain, where growth is created not just by the power of a country’s industrial might, but also by the power of its people’s ideas and their inventions. 中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)正在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值鏈上逐步提升，取得這種發(fā)展不只是依靠一個(gè)國(guó)家的工業(yè)力量，還依靠其人民的創(chuàng)意及他們的發(fā)明。In the long run, economies with poor intellectual property protections and inconsistent application of market access laws will lose out on generating great new ideas and technologies. And they’ll lose out on the jobs that e with producing new products – jobs critical to an expanding middle class.從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看， 缺乏知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)以及不能始終執(zhí)行市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入規(guī)則的經(jīng)濟(jì)體將錯(cuò)失開(kāi)發(fā)重大新創(chuàng)意和新技術(shù)的機(jī)會(huì)。它們將錯(cuò)失伴隨著新產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)而出現(xiàn)的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，這些就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)于一個(gè)不斷壯大的中產(chǎn)階層至關(guān)重要。The damage won’t happen overnight. I freely admit that panies and countries can gain shortterm advantages from lax rules in the mercial space. 這種損失不會(huì)在一夜之間發(fā)生。我可以坦言，有些公司和國(guó)家有可能從商業(yè)領(lǐng)域的寬松規(guī)則中獲得短期利益。But over time, if innovators fear that their inventions or ideas will be stolen or discriminated against, one of two things will happen – they’ll either stop inventing, or they’ll decide to create or sell their inventions elsewhere.但隨著時(shí)間的推移，如果發(fā)明者擔(dān)心他們的發(fā)明或創(chuàng)意遭到竊取或歧視，就會(huì)發(fā)生以下情況——他們或者停止發(fā)明活動(dòng)，或者決定到別處去從事或出售他們的發(fā)明。Ultimately, all that the United States seeks is a level playing field for its panies, where the cost and quality of their products determines whether or not they win business. 說(shuō)到底，美國(guó)尋求的只是為美國(guó)的公司找到一個(gè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的場(chǎng)地，讓其產(chǎn)品的成本與質(zhì)量決定它們是否能贏得商機(jī)。That is the ideal we strive for in the United States. 這就是我們?cè)诿绹?guó)力爭(zhēng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的理想狀況。An