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直流電動機(jī)雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性研究與仿真-資料下載頁

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【正文】 率不能太大,而且對調(diào)速范圍也有嚴(yán)格的限制,這時(shí)開環(huán)調(diào)速往往不能滿足要求,進(jìn)行雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的研究就顯得很重要。雙閉環(huán)調(diào)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的仿真模型只是在開環(huán)的基礎(chǔ)上增加了轉(zhuǎn)速和電流調(diào)節(jié)模塊及限幅模塊,其仿真模型如圖34所示。參數(shù)的設(shè)置也基本一樣,只要將轉(zhuǎn)速和電流調(diào)節(jié)器模塊中的比例系數(shù)等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)按設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例中的計(jì)算結(jié)果代入即可。雙閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)仿真模型搭建完畢,我們分別在不同負(fù)載下研究仿真波形。① 在空載()、任意負(fù)載()、額定負(fù)載()下運(yùn)行仿真系統(tǒng),分別作出轉(zhuǎn)速和電樞電流的仿真波形。波形圖見35和36;② 在空載()下分別運(yùn)行開環(huán)和雙閉環(huán)仿真系統(tǒng),分別作出轉(zhuǎn)速和電樞電流的仿真波形,如圖37和38;③ 在任意負(fù)載()下分別運(yùn)行開環(huán)和雙閉環(huán)仿真系統(tǒng),分別作出轉(zhuǎn)速和電樞電流的仿真波形,如圖39和310;④ 在額定負(fù)載()下分別運(yùn)行開環(huán)和雙閉環(huán)仿真系統(tǒng),分別作出轉(zhuǎn)速和電樞電流的仿真波形,波形圖見311和312。圖34 雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的仿真模型圖35 不同負(fù)載下雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)速波形圖36 不同負(fù)載下雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的電樞電流波形圖37 空載時(shí)開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的轉(zhuǎn)速波形圖38 空載時(shí)開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的電樞電流波形圖39 任意負(fù)載()時(shí)的開環(huán)和閉調(diào)速的轉(zhuǎn)速波形圖310 任意負(fù)載()時(shí)的開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的電樞電流波形圖311 額定負(fù)載時(shí)開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的轉(zhuǎn)速波形圖312 額定負(fù)載時(shí)開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的電樞電流波形 仿真結(jié)果分析由圖36可見,不論是開環(huán)調(diào)速還是雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速,轉(zhuǎn)速和電樞電流都是經(jīng)過了上升、下降、保持恒定這一過程。不同的是,負(fù)載從空載到額定負(fù)載變化的過程中,隨著負(fù)載的增大,轉(zhuǎn)速的穩(wěn)態(tài)值越來越小,而電樞電流的穩(wěn)態(tài)值越來越大,至額定負(fù)載時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)速和電樞電流分別達(dá)到額定值。由圖37至312可見,在同一負(fù)載時(shí),起動過程中,雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速下的轉(zhuǎn)速與開環(huán)調(diào)速下的轉(zhuǎn)速相比有如下特點(diǎn):(1) 轉(zhuǎn)速上升比較平穩(wěn);(2) 轉(zhuǎn)速超調(diào)量較??;(3) 動態(tài)速降小,穩(wěn)態(tài)精度高。電樞電流相比有如下特點(diǎn):(1) 電樞電流最大值不會超過額定值太多;(2) 電樞電流的調(diào)整時(shí)間要長一點(diǎn)。從以上分析可知,雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)能在一定范圍內(nèi)平滑調(diào)速,在靜差率一定的情況下,具有更寬的調(diào)速范圍;也正是由于其轉(zhuǎn)速超調(diào)量小,穩(wěn)態(tài)精度高,說明其動態(tài)性能較好,滿足生產(chǎn)部門機(jī)械裝置調(diào)速的要求。4 結(jié) 論本次研究的課題—直流電機(jī)雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性研究與仿真,是基于工程設(shè)計(jì)的方法,即用工程設(shè)計(jì)方法設(shè)計(jì)直流電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、電流雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)直流電機(jī)的基本方程建立調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,給出動態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)框圖,并用MATLAB搭建設(shè)仿真模型,進(jìn)行相關(guān)參數(shù)的調(diào)試與仿真,對仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析、研究,驗(yàn)證控制方案的合理性。此次研究雖最終得到了滿意的結(jié)果,但在進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)仿真時(shí)也遇到了不少問題,主要原因在于系統(tǒng)建模與參數(shù)調(diào)試時(shí)沒有技巧?,F(xiàn)在我把本次仿真中獲得的一些技巧作個(gè)簡單的總結(jié):(1) 系統(tǒng)建模時(shí),要分為主電路和控制電路分別進(jìn)行。(2) 在參數(shù)設(shè)置時(shí),晶閘管整流橋和6脈沖觸發(fā)器按仿真需要選擇合適的參數(shù),平波電抗器和直流電動機(jī)中應(yīng)代入實(shí)際計(jì)算值,沒有相關(guān)要求的參數(shù)取默認(rèn)值即可。(3) 仿真時(shí)間的選擇按實(shí)際情況而定,以出現(xiàn)完整的波形為前提。(4) 調(diào)節(jié)器和反饋參數(shù)按計(jì)算結(jié)果代入。(5) 若雙閉環(huán)仿真中出現(xiàn)問題,可以在開環(huán)的基礎(chǔ)上,一步一步增加反饋環(huán)節(jié),調(diào)節(jié)環(huán)節(jié)和限幅環(huán)節(jié),不斷調(diào)試,最終完成雙閉環(huán)的仿真。(6) 參數(shù)調(diào)試時(shí),我們還應(yīng)耐心觀察,認(rèn)真分析,及時(shí)比較,不斷優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)。此次研究結(jié)果表明,直流電動機(jī)雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)可以在給定調(diào)速范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)無靜差平滑調(diào)速。由于其超調(diào)量較小,系統(tǒng)具有較好的穩(wěn)定性、較高的穩(wěn)態(tài)精度以及優(yōu)良的動態(tài)性能,這不僅為直流調(diào)速實(shí)驗(yàn)提供了理論依據(jù),也為其它調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的研究打牢了理論基礎(chǔ)。但是其快速性要稍微差一點(diǎn),這有待于以后繼續(xù)研究。致 謝值此論文完成之際,謹(jǐn)向所有關(guān)心、幫助我的老師、同學(xué)和朋友們致以最誠摯的謝意。本論文是在導(dǎo)師吳凌燕老師的精心指導(dǎo)下完成的,從論文的選題、開題到論文的完成都傾注了導(dǎo)師的心血。在近三個(gè)月共處的日子里,導(dǎo)師淵博的知識水平、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)作風(fēng)、精益求精的工作態(tài)度和平易近人的處世風(fēng)格給我留下了深刻的印象,令我受益終生,對我今后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作會有很大的幫助。因此,我要向?qū)熤乱哉\摯的謝意,感謝導(dǎo)師在這三個(gè)月的時(shí)間對我的學(xué)習(xí)上的教導(dǎo)和生活上的關(guān)心和鼓勵(lì)。在開題階段和課題進(jìn)行中得到了吳老師的正確指導(dǎo)與幫助,課題得以順利進(jìn)行,在此表示深深的感謝。最后,我要深深感謝我的家人,尤其是含辛茹苦撫養(yǎng)我長大并給予了我良好教育的父母對我的支持與關(guān)心,感謝他們對我多年求學(xué)的理解和支持。我的點(diǎn)滴進(jìn)步都伴隨著他們的鼓勵(lì)和竭力支持,這些都將永遠(yuǎn)銘記在心。參 考 文 獻(xiàn)[1] 史乃.:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.2005.[2] 陳伯時(shí).電力拖動自動控制系統(tǒng).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.2003.[3] 夏德鈐,翁貽方.自動控制理論. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社. 2004.[4] 洪乃剛.電力電子和電力拖動控制系統(tǒng)的MATLAB仿真.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.2006.[5] 羅飛,郗曉田,文曉玲等.電力拖動與運(yùn)動控制系統(tǒng).北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社.2007.[6] 周淵深.交直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)與MATATLAB仿真.中國電力出版社.2003.[7] 王果,朱大鵬.直流電機(jī)雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的工程設(shè)計(jì)方法仿真.電機(jī)技術(shù).2005年第3期.[8] 韓璐.直流電動機(jī)雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)及其SIMULINK的仿真.航海工程.2003年第2期.[9] 劉軍,孟祥忠.電力拖動運(yùn)動控制系統(tǒng).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.2007.[10]張東立,陳麗蘭,仲偉峰.直流拖動控制系統(tǒng).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.1999.[11][J].北京:國防工業(yè)出版社,1980.[12]李發(fā)海,[M].北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2001.[13]張世銘,[M]:華中理工大學(xué)出版社,1993.[14][M].蘇州絲綢工學(xué)院學(xué).[15][M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1999.[16]王立紅,楊匯軍. 基于MATLAB直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與仿真[J]. 遼寧:遼寧工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),[20042].[17]張世銘,[M]:華中理工大學(xué)出版社,1993.[18]Chang,.. of Optimal Control York:McGrawHill Copany[19]Atnerton,.. Control Nostrand:ReinHold Company Limited附錄A 英文翻譯—原文部分? 1. INTRODUCTION Electric Drive Technology Development Current Situation 30 Over the years, the DC motor drive has undergone significant changes. First of all, replacing a rectifier, thyristor rectifier device to replace the conventional longstanding group of DC motors and generators of mercury rectifier DC electric drive device to plete a big leap forward. At the same time, control circuit has achieved a high level of integration and miniaturization, high reliability and low cost. More than technology, so that DC Speed Control System increase performance, expanding the scope of application. DC drive technology development to mature, and perfect, serialization, standardization, in the reversible PWM, highprecision field of electrical transmission is still hard to replace.? Computer control and status of the development of motor Relatively simple puter control of the motor, as long as the use of microputer control relay or electronic switching elements so that the circuit open or off it. In a variety of machine tool equipment and production lines, the now monly used with the programmable puter controller, in accordance with the laws of certain types of motor control action. For the plex motor control, then use puter control motor voltage, current, torque, speed, angle, etc., so that motor in accordance with the instructions given accurate work. Through puter control, motor performance could greatly improve. 2 Speed and current dual closedloop speed control system of the two regulator cascade connection for the outer speed feedback loop, current loop for the inner ring. The speed regulator output current is given, the output amplitude is limited to the maximum current value. Adjust the limit of small amplitude or currentfeedback coefficient can be adjusted easily to change the maximum current. In effect, the braking process, the speed regulator quickly into saturation, the output amplitude limit for the current loop to provide a maximum current setting, the current regulator for the PI regulator, in its regulatory role under the current remained at the maximum when the system is in fact a constantcurrentconditioning system. Since the current loop so that the regulating role of the system, the braking current transition process in the best form of transition closer to the ideal waveform. When the speed overshoot, the speed regulator out of saturation, on speed play a major regulatory role, to bee current with the current loop control system.? Current feedback loop allows the system to enhance the antiinterference ability, role in the current loop to the channel on the role of all the disturbances, such as disturbances such as voltage, current loop by regulating the timely inhibited, so that speed is not affected or less affected by disturbances. Current speed of the inner ring also played in the transformation of the target structure and regulation of the role of parameters to accelerate the speed of adjustment in response to the process of r
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