【正文】 social loss because it promotes inefficient use of national resources.（社會資源的無效利用）B. is a social loss because it reduces the revenue of the government.C. is not a social loss because it merely redistributes revenue from one sector to another.D. is not a social loss bacuase it is paid for by rich corporations.E. None of the above.Answer: A54. The most vocal political pressure for tariffs is generally made byA. consumers lobbying for export tariffs.B. consumers lobbying for import tariffs.C. consumers lobbying for lower import tariffs.D. producers lobbying for export tariffs.E. producers lobbying for import tariffs.（生產(chǎn)者游說政府制定進口關(guān)稅）Answer: E55. The fact that industrialized countries levy very low or no tariff on raw materials and semi processed goodsA. helps developing countries export manufactured products.B. has no effect on developing country exports.C. hurts developing country efforts to export manufactured goods.D. hurts developing country efforts to export raw materials.E. None of the above.Answer: C56. An Optimal Tariff is considered unlikely to be observed in the real world because ofA. The Metzler Paradox.B. it is practically impossible to define optimality in trade policy terms.C. the likelihood of foreign repercussions.D. real countries are considered to be small in the world trade context.E. None of the above.Answer: C57. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA. a small tariff imposed by a small country.B. a small tariff imposed by a large country.（大國，小關(guān)稅） C. a large tariff imposed by a small country.D. a large tariff imposed by a large country.E. None of the above. Answer: B58. The existence of marginal social benefits which are not marginal benefits for the industry producing the import substitutesA. is an argument supporting free trade and nongovernmental involvement.B. is an argument supporting the use of an optimum tariff.C. is an argument supporting the use of market failures as a tradepolicy strategy.D is an argument rejecting free trade and supporting governmental involvement (干預) D. None of the above.Answer: D59. The domestic market failure argument is a particular case of the theory ofA. the optimum, or firstbest.B. the second best. （次優(yōu)選擇） C. the third best.D. the sufficing principle.E. None of the above.Answer: B60. The median voter modelA. works well in the area of trade policy.B. is not intuitively reasonable.C. tends to result in biased tariff rates.D. does not work well in the area of trade policy.E. None of the above.Answer: D61. The fact that trade policy often imposes harm on large numbers of people, and benefits only a few may be explained byA. the lack of political involvement of the public.B. the power of advertisement.C. the problem of collective action.（集體行動的困難）D. the basic impossibility of the democratic system to reach a fair solution.E. None of the above.Answer: C62. A trade policy designed to alleviate some domestic economic problem by exporting it to foreign countries is know as a(n)A. international dumping policy.B. Countervailing（報復性的）tariff policy.C. beggar thy neighbor policy.（以鄰為壑的政策）D. trade adjustment assistance policy.E. None of the above.Answer: C63. Countervailing duties are intended to neutralize any unfair advantage that foreign exporters might gain because of foreignA. tariffs.B. subsidies.C. quotas.D. LocalContent legislationE. None of the above.Answer: B64. Export embargoes cause greater losses to consumer surplus in the target countryA. the lesser its initial dependence on foreign produced goods.B. the more elastic is the target country39。s demand schedule.C. the more elastic is the target country39。s domestic supply.D. the more inelastic the target country39。s supply.（目標國的供給缺乏彈性）E. None of the above.Answer: D65. The World Trade Organization provides for all of the following exceptA. the usage of the most favored nation clause.B. assistance in the settlement of trade disagreements.C. bilateral tariff reductions.（雙邊關(guān)稅減讓） D. multilateral tariff reductions.E. None of the above.Answer: C68. Under . mercial policy, the escape clause results inA. temporary quotas （短期的配額）granted to firms injured by import petition. B. tariffs that offset export subsidies granted to foreign producers.C. a refusal of the . to extradite anyone who escaped political oppression.D. tax advantages extended to minorityowned exporting firms.E. tariff advantages extended to certain Caribbean countries in the . market.Answer: APartⅣ. Each term in the left column is related to a particular content in the right column, please match each pair with a line.1 answer: a7。 b9。 c10。d8。e6。f3。g4。h2。i1。j82 answer:a5。b6。c7。d1。e2。f3。g4。h10。i9。j8PartⅤ. Explain the following terms(Put the answers onto the blank exam paper) .1， p242， p69n3， p754， p1125， p1546， p1811847， p1698， p1969， p24510， p231PartⅥ. Choose FOUR of the following questions and answer them.Chapter 21. Suppose: Labor is the only one factor of production. L and L*are Home’s and Foreign’s labor force.、and 、are the unit labor requirement in cheese、wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. /is the relative price of cheese. Home and Foreign have a parative advantage in cheese and wine, denote each of the following contents with one equation.(1)Home’s parative advantage.(2)Foreign’s specialization(3)World relative supply(4)Home’s gains from trade(5)Compare /、/and w/w*Answer:⑴ aLC/aLWaLC*/aLW*⑵ Pc/PwaLC*/aLW*⑶（L/aLC）/(L*/aLW*)⑷ (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw) 1/aLW⑸ aLC*/aLCw/w*a*LW/aLW [因為a*LC w*aLC w ,所以a*LC/aLCw/w*。 因為a*LW w*aLW w ,所以w/w*a*LW/aLW ]2. Japanese labor productivity is roughly the same as that of the United States in the manufacturing sector (higher in some industries, lower in others), while the United States is still consid