【正文】 d was that in all cases, the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures even when it was cool at greater depths, so this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.不過他在所有案例中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了的一件事是，即使那些海域深處的水溫較低，但它們表層水溫都相對(duì)較高。這一點(diǎn)似乎能夠成為支持大型海洋食肉動(dòng)物多樣化分布的因素。However, this wasn39。t enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it— so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish.但是只有這一點(diǎn)還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，因?yàn)樗€發(fā)現(xiàn)海水中需要飽含足夠的氧氣，于是這兩個(gè)因素一起便足夠證明這些大型魚類的高代謝率觀點(diǎn)了。A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Ballance, who was working in California, also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish —what she was interested in was marine mammals things like seals.兩年之后，在2007年，一位在加利福尼亞州工作的研究人員，Lisa Ballance也開始尋找海洋熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)。不過她感興趣的不是魚類，而是海洋哺乳動(dòng)物，比如海豹。And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots, and what these had in mon was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents, and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.她在海洋中找到了三個(gè)熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，它們的共同之處在于，所有的這些熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)都位于洋流的交界處。這些海域中似乎擁有大量的浮游生物可供海洋哺乳動(dòng)物食用。So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.如今人們想要保護(hù)瀕危物種的話，就要盡可能多地獲取相關(guān)信息。For example, there39。s an international project called the Census of Marine Life.舉個(gè)例子來說，有一個(gè)國際工程叫做Census of Marine Life。They39。ve been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.他們調(diào)查了世界上所有的海洋，包括北極地區(qū)的海洋。One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice — sometimes under a layer up to 20 meters thick.他們在那兒發(fā)現(xiàn)了令其他研究人員瞠目結(jié)舌的一件事，那就是冰層之下生活著大量的生物物種，有些甚至生活在20米厚的冰層之下。Some of these species had never been seen before.這些物種中有些人們之前從未見過。They39。ve even found species of octopus living in these conditions.他們甚至還發(fā)現(xiàn)一種章魚也生活在這種環(huán)境中。And other scientists working on the same project, but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor, have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes, attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there.其他科學(xué)家也從事同樣的研究，但他們研究的是海底的一些非常與眾不同的棲息地。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有大量生物聚集在海底火山周圍，吸引它們過來的是那里溫暖的海水和豐富的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。. . . . . .However, biologists still don39。t know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.但是，生物學(xué)家仍不知道每種生物的生存受到的威脅有多么嚴(yán)重。So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land.于是現(xiàn)在一個(gè)名叫Global Marine Species Assessment 的組織正在編寫一份陸地上瀕危物種的名單。So they consider things like the size of the population — how many members of one species there are in a particular place — and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms.他們考慮的是像族群規(guī)模（特定地區(qū)內(nèi)某一生物的數(shù)量有多少）這樣的因素，然后，他們便著眼于這些生物在地理上的分布。Although this is quite difficult when you39。re looking at fish, because they39。re so mobile, and then thirdly the calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.不過這一點(diǎn)在觀察魚類的時(shí)候相當(dāng)困難，因?yàn)樗鼈兞鲃?dòng)性太大了。第三步是計(jì)算這種生物數(shù)量減少的比率。So far only 1, 500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20, 000.到目前為止，他們只評(píng)估了1500種生物，不過他們希望將這一數(shù)字增加到20000。For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution.他們在評(píng)估每一種生物時(shí)，都會(huì)用他們收集到的關(guān)于這種生物的數(shù)據(jù)來繪制一幅地圖，顯示它們的分布。Ultimately they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located but also where they are most threatened.最終，他們將不僅可以通過這些地圖發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分生物生活的地點(diǎn)，還能弄清楚它們在哪里受到的威脅最大。So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world39。s oceans?那么，要保持世界海洋中的生物多樣性，我們能做些什么呢？Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.首先，我們要在海洋中設(shè)置更多自然保護(hù)區(qū)，在保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)海洋生物可以受到保護(hù)。We have some, but not enough.目前海洋中已經(jīng)有了一些保護(hù)區(qū)，但是還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast, we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely.另外，還有一些生物比如棱皮龜，它們生活在外海中，但是筑巢點(diǎn)卻在美國海岸，為了保護(hù)它們，我們需要建立一些遷徙廊道，這樣它們就能從一個(gè)地區(qū)安全地到達(dá)另一個(gè)地區(qū)了。As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species.除此之外，我們還需要采取行動(dòng)降低捕魚限額，以防止瀕危物種被過度捕撈。And finally, there39。s the problem of 39。bycatch39。.最后，還存在副漁獲的問題。This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats — they39。re returned to the sea, but they39。re often dead or dying.副漁獲指的是漁船會(huì)捕撈到不想要的魚類，他們通常會(huì)把這些魚放回大海，但是放生時(shí)這些魚一般已經(jīng)死了或者命不久矣。If these mercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective, so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overe.如果這些商業(yè)捕漁船能夠使用挑選更加仔細(xì)的設(shè)備，以便只捕撈想要消費(fèi)的魚類，那么這個(gè)問題就能得以解決了。OK. So does anyone have any questions. . .好了，有人想要問我問題嗎......