【正文】
s_______. ?。?)What does the author probably mean by...in...paragraph? (3) Which of the following is nearest in meaning to …? (4) From the passage, we can infer that the word...is ____. (5) The term ..in paragraph… can be best replaced by …. (6) What does the author probably mean by...in...paragraph? (7)What39。s the meaning of …in line …of paragraph….? (8)As used in the line …, the word …refers to _______. 一般來說,在文章的閱讀中解決釋義的最好的辦法是猜測詞義。猜測詞義也需要一定的技巧,可以通過1)上下文間意義的聯(lián)系;2)同義關(guān)系,反義關(guān)系;3)詞的定義;4)對詞的解釋和舉例;5)構(gòu)詞法知識猜測詞義?!?. 利用上下文詞語意義的互相聯(lián)系猜測詞義 Example :The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks .They go from island to island in these light narrow boats and collect turtles39?!ggs. 我們從上下文中可以得出以下信息:canoes是一種漁夫用樹木做的、來回于島嶼之間的、輕狹長的、類似于小船之類的東西。盡管我們可能還不能肯定它的確切解釋,但這一生詞已經(jīng)不會影響我們的閱讀和理解了。 Example?。篔ogging has bee very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people .Jogging的意思通過a good exercise for old people 可以推斷出是一種適合老年人的運動方式?!?. 利用文章中詞與詞的同義和反義關(guān)系猜測詞義 Example :If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight . You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something. 在文章中可以很容易地判斷出witnesss的同義關(guān)系詞是seen,因此witness就是看見的意思。 Example :In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry . 顯然,冬天和夏天的氣候是截然相反的,它們的修飾詞的意思也應(yīng)該截然相反。cold與hot對應(yīng),humid與dry對應(yīng)。因此,humid是潮濕 意思?! xample: The Asian monkey like other apes, is specially adapted for life in trees. 如果不認識ape ,但認識monkey ,這里用like把ape和monkey進行比較,還用了一個other說明monkey可能是ape的一種,即ape也就是“猿類”的意思了?! xample: Many famous scientists are trying to understand the problems modern people suffer from, but never these eminent scholars are confused about what causes them. 在句中,為避免重復(fù),“these eminent scholars 替換”many famous scientists,既然scholars和scientists同義,eminent也就和famous同義,為“著名的“。12數(shù)字與年代常考文中的數(shù)字,年代,日期登常常是命題考點。具體題型右:①運算型:主要通過四則運算求解對策:注意原始數(shù)據(jù)不是解②多選一型:文中出現(xiàn)多個時間或數(shù)字,對應(yīng)不同的事物,問題只考一點。對策:對號入座③域型:文中時間或數(shù)字為一個范圍,求其最高、最低或其中一點。④世紀型:已知某一年份,求其為那個世紀。⑤不規(guī)則型:文中并未出現(xiàn)數(shù)字,求其表示的數(shù)量。如一個圓被相交直線分割,求其被分為幾部分。1最高級與絕對性詞匯常考文中若出現(xiàn)must,all,only,anyone,always,never等絕對性詞匯,或形容詞副詞的最高級形式,往往是考點,一般出“細節(jié)性問題”。因為這些地方概念絕對,答案唯一,無論是命題還是答題,都不會產(chǎn)生歧義。命題人員以此為考點,可保證命題絕對正確。1指代??紝⑽闹兄复畔⒆鳛榭键c。題型主要有兩種:一種是簡單提問指代關(guān)系。另一種是在文中表述B指代A,B具有X屬性,題目問A是否具有X屬性。以上分析,基本上概括了歷屆四級考試閱讀理解題考點常考處及其對應(yīng)題型。考生掌握了這些規(guī)律,在讀文章時,就要在這些考點常出現(xiàn)地方作些記號。閱讀完畢,這些作記號的地方基本上就是出題的地方。然后再對照后面的題目,一一找到相對應(yīng)的考點,再細細分、做題。這樣就避免做一題,看一下整個段落,甚至全文,從而節(jié)省了時間。第三單元 正確答案的特征英語測試中閱讀理解部分是最讓考生緊張而又擔(dān)心的部分。它量大,難度較高。因此,閱讀理解題發(fā)揮如何決定著考生得分的高低。許多考生在做閱讀理解部分時,最大感受就是時間緊、答案選項迷惑性大,因而很難及時而又準確地選出答案。如何在沒有足夠時間進行深入閱讀或文章太難而看不懂的情況下進行答題,我們在總結(jié)、歸納歷年四級真題特點是基礎(chǔ)上,向考生介紹一些緊急情況下的應(yīng)試技巧。一、閱讀理解題答案項特征 通過研究歷屆四級閱讀理解題,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在所列出的四個選項中,也有一些普遍性規(guī)律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了這些規(guī)律,他(她)們就可以找到做題時的第六感覺,達到所謂超常發(fā)揮的水平。如果考生來不及看文章,萬般無奈下憑這些規(guī)律可以選中不少正確選項。 (一)答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very, pletely, none, hardly等?!±?1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ .(1995年6月題22) A. the difference between the employee and the employer has bee insignificant. B. people39。s traditional concepts about work no longer hold true. C. most people have to take parttime jobs. D. people have to change their jobs from time to time. (分析:四個選項中,C、D兩項中都含有have to,語氣太絕對化,一般被排除??忌谑O聝身椫羞M行選擇,就大大降低了難度。) 例(2)The main idea of this passage is that _____ .(1991年6月六級題40) A.better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life. B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities. C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago. D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities. (分析:B、D兩項中均有must be,語氣太絕對化,故一般被排除。考生結(jié)合短文內(nèi)容在剩下兩項中進行選擇,命中率就極高了。)?。ǘ┻x項中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有: can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多數(shù)),more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等?!±?)It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes .(1999年6月四級題30) A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B. in many countries success often depends on one39。s social status C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D. businesses in other countries are not as petitive as those in America (分析:選項B中often 一詞,語氣委婉,不十分肯定,故為答案。而其它三項中所表達出的語氣都明顯絕對化。) 例(2) According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that ——. A. society can39。t provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education? C. too many students have to earn their own living D. college administrators encourage students to drop out?。ǚ治觯捍鸢疙桟中有have to, 語氣太絕對化,故被排除。而A項中can39。t 的語氣則不十分絕對化,故為答案。)?。ㄈ┻x項中照抄原文的一般不是答案項,而同義替換的一般是選項?!±?)According to Dr. David, Americans .(1993年6月六級題32) A.a(chǎn)re ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life B. often neglect the unsequences of sleep deficit C. do not know how to relax themselves properly D. can get by on hours of sleep (分析:答案項中A、D兩項基本上是原文中句子的原現(xiàn),故被排除。B項中有often 一詞,語氣委婉,不十肯定,故為答案。) 例(2)According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(1996年1月六級題35) A.Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a puter from a man C. The reasoning power of puters has already surpassed that of man D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.?。ǚ治觯篈項句子基本上是原文詞句,C項中有already一詞,語氣太絕對化,故A、C兩項被排除。剩下B、D兩項,而D項中有不十分肯定語氣詞may not,故選D。) (四)較全面、有針對性地表達文章中心思想的,選項一般是答案項?!±?)which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (1996年1月六級題25) A.Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by puters. B. Music can39。t be passed on to future generations unless it39。s recorded.