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s (B) not to make any interruptions (C) not to glance away (D) not to make unpredictable pauses. (分析:選A。具體說,特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號包括:(1)破折號(表解釋);(2)括號(表解釋);(3)冒號(表解釋);(4)引號(表引用)。然后指出工業(yè)革命之所以是一切革命在于它導(dǎo)致了巨大的社會變化。屬邏輯推理型題。因此,從這句話我們可以推斷出電話spreads both love and ill will故選C)。屬邏輯推理型題。這也就是全文要告訴讀者的關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪清除不了的原因,故選D。文章前幾段說到了利用計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪的人即使被抓,不僅不受懲罰,而且還會得到以前老板充滿熱情的推薦信。t be eliminated. (分析:選D項(xiàng)。表示因果關(guān)系的詞有:because, since, for,as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from 等。)因果句??肌∶}者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中兩個(gè)事件內(nèi)在的因果關(guān)系的試題,或出些概括文意、段意試題。屬邏輯推理型題。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析好,全句意思就易弄懂,制造商改變包裝大小或樣式不需要過多的艱辛努力,故選D?!。ˋ)improper (B)unexpected (C)adequate (D)excessive (分析:選D項(xiàng),這屬詞匯題型,但需要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文邏輯?!±?. As families move away from their stable munity, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informals flow of in formation is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable… Q:The word it most probably refers to ________ . (A) the lack of stable munities. (B) The breakdown of informal imformation channels. (C) The increased mobility of families (D) The growing number of people moving from place to place. (分析:選B項(xiàng),本題屬句際關(guān)系推理題型,要善于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),As 引導(dǎo)的前半部分是狀語從句,主句是the informal flow of information is cut off, with引導(dǎo)的短語表伴隨。) 復(fù)雜句常考 復(fù)雜句常是命題者出題之處,包括同位語、插入語、定語、長句后半句,從句、不定式、副詞等,命題者主要考查考生對句子之間指代關(guān)系。用however作轉(zhuǎn)折,指出商業(yè)節(jié)目的音量是保持或接近峰值(peak levels)。前面都是講美給人帶來的種種好處,用but突然進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折,考生即可推測出下面要講美給人帶來的不利方面了。But in the executive circle, beauty can bee a liability. Q:The author writes this passage to _______ . (A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractive. (B) Give advice to jobseekers who are attractive. (C) Demand equal rights for women. (D) Emphasize the importance of appearance. (分析:選A項(xiàng)。) 例2 … Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, mits suicide, or go to jail, puter criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding…. Q: It can be conduced from the passage that ________ . (分析:這道題屬邏輯推理題,命題者利用unlike進(jìn)行強(qiáng)烈對比,要求考生推斷出正確結(jié)論。這一轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容正好是解答題干問題的依據(jù),我們從這句話可以推斷出大學(xué)考試之所以出了問題部分源于一個(gè)事實(shí),即A項(xiàng):社會不能為訓(xùn)練有素的大學(xué)生提供足夠工作。s a condemnation of the students as a whole…. Others blame the state of the world… But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twentytwoyearolds, either. Q:According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _______ . (A) society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates. (B) High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education. (C) Too many students have to earn their own living. (D) College administrators encourage students to drop out. (分析:選A項(xiàng)。此類考點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)在邏輯推理型題中,少數(shù)出現(xiàn)于其它題型中。命題者常對用來對比的雙方屬性進(jìn)行考查。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過however, but, yet, in fact等詞或短語來引導(dǎo)。即B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。文章講成千上萬涌進(jìn)美國的富有者與那個(gè)巴西生物學(xué)家一樣,他們在購物時(shí)只管刷卡(just use our credit cards.)而根本不做預(yù)算(don39。t care how much they spend. (C) Are not good at planning their expenditure. (D) Often spend more money that they can afford. (分析:選B項(xiàng)。t have a budget,says a biologist from Brazil. As she walks with two panions through New York lity39。從事實(shí)中我們可以看出美國人經(jīng)常忽視睡眠不足的后果,即B項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。屬于歸納事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。re doing it,says Dr. David.They think they39。)例2. …people cheat on their sleep, and they don39。而題干問:過去在美國顯然有一種什么趨勢。屬推理題?!±?.There is a senseless notion that children grew up and leave home when they39。命題者常在此作文章。) 例3 ….In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue.… Q:Which of the following statements does the writer support? (A) The demand for mercial products will not necessarily keep increasing. (B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. (C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons. (D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear every programmes. (分析:選A項(xiàng),屬推理題,依據(jù)文中such an expansion assumes…. However,…便可推斷出A項(xiàng)正確??忌诹私馊墓8胖?,要正確地對文章的內(nèi)容作出判斷,考生關(guān)鍵要看懂文章最后一句話:…as this book indicates?!。ˋ)a news article (B) a journalistic interview (C) a research report (D) a preface (分析:選D項(xiàng)。考生只要注意到for one thing 后面一句話,即可選出。這屬辯認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題,依據(jù)文章我們知道計(jì)算機(jī)缺少人類所具有的動(dòng)機(jī)和情感:puters lack the drives and emotions of living creatures,至于動(dòng)機(jī)可以被編入計(jì)算機(jī)程序,那是今后的事,就目前而言計(jì)算機(jī)在動(dòng)機(jī)和情感方面不如人類。 例1. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, puters lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the puter39。) 舉例子打比喻的地方常考 為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更有說服力、更加明確,作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方,句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為舉例句,這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問的焦點(diǎn)。屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題??忌恍杓?xì)心一點(diǎn)都能辨清細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí),選對答案。很明顯,B、C、D三項(xiàng)都與文章內(nèi)容不符。屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。s the policeman39。也稱為“三缺一”題型?!≈饕袃煞N:①which題型該題型要求從并列的三項(xiàng)中選一項(xiàng)作為答案,其他選項(xiàng)與題目無關(guān)。后要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中,選出符合題干要求的答案項(xiàng)。下面,我們將這些考點(diǎn)規(guī)律及對應(yīng)題型歸納如下: 列舉處常考 列舉處指的是First,…,second, …,Third, …等逐步列出,并列指的是A、B and C??忌藭r(shí)應(yīng)用筆在這些可能會出題的考點(diǎn)輕輕劃上記號,等看完短文開始做題時(shí),針對題干的提問,迅速找到做記號的考點(diǎn),再仔細(xì)分析、答題。第二單元 命題考點(diǎn)及題型分析研究英語四級考試閱讀理解歷屆考題,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者命制的考點(diǎn)是有一定規(guī)律的,且考點(diǎn)規(guī)律常與某種題型(主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、邏輯題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、詞義題)相對應(yīng)。我們認(rèn)為,這三種方法中第二種比較好,可以在正確率和效率之間達(dá)到最佳平衡。可是若熟練掌握解的特征,其命中率不一定非常低,我們做過試驗(yàn),學(xué)生掌握解的特征后,令其只做題目不看文章,結(jié)合生活常識和其他知識進(jìn)行判斷,平均命中率在40%左右,遠(yuǎn)高于25%的理論值?!杏X式:不讀文章只做題目。 五、解題順序作閱讀理解題的解題順序通常有這樣幾種:——三部曲式:先讀文章→再做題目→拿不準(zhǔn)的再回頭讀文章此為傳統(tǒng)方法,命中率高,速度慢,效率自然就低。比如在下面的句子中:Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童),I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我們抓住了Element is ?!∷摹ⅰ∽プ【渥又鞲伞 ∥覀円獙?shí)現(xiàn)快速準(zhǔn)確理解文章除了要抓住關(guān)鍵句子外,還要抓住句子當(dāng)中的關(guān)鍵成分。也就是說如果我們對文章中的某一個(gè)單詞不熟悉,我們還可以根據(jù)統(tǒng)一篇文章中的其他信息來幫助判斷。類似的還有: We have to totally change our attitude toward napping, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. 我們不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是,它們的后面往往有一個(gè)同位語來解釋說明它們的意思。比如在下面的句子中:In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, there39。這類詞有:表示人名,地名,機(jī)構(gòu)名等專有名詞。三、 巧妙繞開生詞 我們這里所說的巧妙繞開生詞的方法和上面分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)的思路是統(tǒng)一的,也