【正文】
marginal cost is less than average total cost, average total cost is falling。 when marginal cost is greater than average total cost, average total cost is rising.匯源果汁店有以下成本表: 產量 可變成本 總成本 (桶) (元) (元) 0 0 30 1 10 40 2 25 55 3 45 75 4 70 100 5 100 1306 135 165 a.計算每單位產量的平均可變成本、平均總成本和邊際成本。b.畫出這三條曲線。邊際成本曲線與平均總成本曲線之間的關系是什么?邊際成本曲線與平均可變成本曲線之間的關系是什么?解釋原因。 a. The following table shows average variable cost (AVC), average total cost (ATC), and marginal cost (MC) for each quantity.QuantityVariable CostTotal CostAverage Variable CostAverage Total CostMarginal Cost00301104010401022555153457515252047010025255100130202630613516535b. Figure 410A graphs the three curves. The marginal cost curve is below the average total cost curve when output is less than 4, as average total cost is declining. The marginal cost curve is above the average total cost curve when output is above 4, as average total cost is rising. The marginal cost curve is always above the average variable cost curve, and average variable cost is always increasing.Figure 410A一個行業(yè)現(xiàn)在有100家企業(yè),所有企業(yè)的固定成本都為16元,平均可變成本如下: 數(shù)量 平均可變成本(元) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 a.計算邊際成本和平均總成本。 b.現(xiàn)在的價格是10元。市場總供給量是多少? c.當這個市場轉向其長期均衡時,價格上升還是下降?需求量增加還是減少?每個企業(yè)的供給量增加還是減少?d.畫出該市場的長期供給曲線。 QuantityVariable CostTotal CostAverage Variable CostAverage Total CostMarginal Cost11171172420210339253541632487525415963652611A.邊際成本和平均成本如上表所示。B.由于市場上有100家企業(yè),所以可將其看成完全競爭市場。在完全競爭市場上,MR=MC=P=10,由表中數(shù)據(jù)可得,數(shù)量為邊際成本為9的這組數(shù)據(jù)符合要求。故市場總供給量=5*100=500.C.在長期中,當可以自由進入或退出時,市場價格就等于企業(yè)的邊際成本和平均總成本。企業(yè)選擇使邊際成本等于價格的產量,確保企業(yè)的利潤最大化。當這個市場轉向其長期均衡時,價格是下降的,需求量是增加的,每個企業(yè)的供給量是減少的。D.該市場的長期供給曲線是價格等于最低平均總成本時的一條直線。P=4POQ