【正文】 凝土+錨桿支護④噴混凝土+錨桿+鋼筋網(wǎng)支護。：閘門裝于溢流壩、岸邊溢洪道、泄水孔、水工隧道和水閘等建筑物的孔口上，用以調節(jié)流量，控制上、下游水位，宣泄洪水，排除泥沙或漂浮物等,是水工建筑物的重要組成部分。閘門的組成：①主體活動部分：閘門等；②埋固部分：門槽等；③啟閉設備：啟閉機。㈠按工作性質分類①工作閘門：承擔各項設計任務，動水中啟閉。②事故閘門：設備和建筑物出事故時用,動水關閉,靜水開啟。有快速閘門。③檢修閘門：短期擋水以檢修，靜水中啟閉。㈡按門葉材料分類①鋼閘門：最常用②鋼筋混凝土閘門：低水頭用，或施工導流的一次性用③鋼絲網(wǎng)水泥閘門④木閘門：基本不用⑤鑄鐵閘門㈢按結構形式和動作特征分類①疊梁門：只用于小型涵閘上的檢修閘門，或隧道出口擋水閘門。②平面閘門：應用最廣，形式多樣。③轉動式門：包括舌瓣閘門、翻板閘門和蓋板門（拍門，圖片）④浮箱閘門：在水中可浮動的空箱，靠充放水啟閉，常作檢修閘門。⑤弧形閘門：閘門啟閉繞鉸座轉動，廣泛用于工作門。⑥扇形閘門：外形似弧形門,但有封閉的頂板,鉸支在底板上?？块T下空腔沖泄水來啟閉閘門，頂板為溢流面，當鉸支座位于上游時稱鼓形閘門。⑦圓輥閘門：橫臥圓輥，沿門槽軌道滾到底則關閉擋水。⑧圓筒閘門：直立圓筒，用以封堵豎井環(huán)列的一圈孔口，合力為零，啟閉力小⑨人字閘門：多用于船閘，不能承受雙向壓力㈣按門頂出露水面分類①露頂式閘門：溢流壩等閘門頂高于設計水位，出露水面。②潛孔閘門：具胸墻的溢流壩、深式泄水孔等閘門頂部低于水面。③閥門：用以封堵管道內部。⑴直升式平面閘門：門葉鉛直升降，其優(yōu)點①)門葉結構簡單，便于制造、安裝和運輸②閘門可吊出孔口或門槽，便于檢修和維護③互換性好，可一閘多用④布置緊湊，閘墩長度短且受力條件好，閘門井尺度小，配筋簡便⑤啟閉設備簡單，便于使用移動式啟閉機；缺點①需門槽以裝埋固部分，水流易產生低壓漩渦，影響泄流能力，且易空蝕；②啟閉力較弧形閘門大，啟閉機容量較大；③露頂閘門全開時，門底較高，故工作橋排架較高，易受地震損害。⑵升臥式平面閘門：下部門葉直立，上部門葉傾斜，全開門葉水平；其優(yōu)點是可降低工作橋的排架高度，從而提高抗震性能；缺點是吊點位于上游水體內，啟閉機的動滑輪組和鋼絲繩長期浸水易銹蝕。①承重結構：面板、梁系、豎向聯(lián)結系、隔板、支承邊梁；②行走支承：支承于門槽的滑輪等；③止水裝置；④吊耳。閉門和啟門的閘門自重修正系數(shù)取值不一樣，一般按不利的組合取值，閉門的修正系數(shù)比啟門小。⑴按啟閉方式分①卷揚式；②螺桿式；③液壓式。⑵按移動與否分①固定式：閘門需同步開啟時，需一門一機；②移動式：閘門不需同步開啟，如檢修閘門等：鎖定器用于鎖定閘門，即將閘門固定在指定開度的位置，以解除啟閉機的荷載或移走啟閉機。鎖定器的類型：①翻轉式懸臂梁鎖定器；②平移式懸臂梁鎖定器；③平移式簡支鎖定器：用以將閘門承受的全部荷載傳遞給閘墩，并且還能平順地移動。行走支承的分類：⑴輪式支承：又分定輪式支承和臺車式支承，定輪式支承又分為懸臂式、簡支式、輪座式三種支承。⑵膠木滑道式支承：閘門上固定膠木作滑道，門槽固定頂圓方鋼作滑道的支承。：防止閘門主輪脫軌，防止閘門起吊不均被門槽卡住。反向導承的作用：布置在閘門上游側，防止閘門前后歪斜、碰撞。⑴止水的作用：將閘門與閘孔周界之間的間隙密封，阻止漏水，又稱水封。⑵止水裝置的要求：①止水嚴密；②閘門啟閉時摩阻力??；③止水材料磨耗少、耐用、安裝方便、更換容易。⑶止水的布置：需設底止水、側止水，潛孔式閘門還需設頂止水，且各向止水需連接。⑴閘門擋水面為圓柱面，支承鉸位于圓心，啟閉時閘門繞支承鉸轉動。⑵因作用在閘門上的總水壓力通過圓心，不產生阻力矩，故啟門省力。⑶弧形門不設門槽，不影響孔口流態(tài)，不易產生空蝕現(xiàn)象。⑷閘墩的厚度和高度較小，但閘墩較長，受力集中，檢修不便。(管)或水工隧洞內，一般設有閘門井(室),潛沒于水下。窗體底端、過木、過魚等而設置的水工建筑物。①船閘：利用水力將船舶浮運過壩，通過能力大，應用最廣。②升船機：利用機械力將船舶升送過壩，耗水量少，一次提升高度大。①閘室：船舶臨時?？康膱鏊陂l首：分隔上下游，分上閘首和下閘首③引航道：導航，含上、下引航道⑴按承船箱載運船舶的方式分：濕式、干式⑵按承船箱的運行路線分：垂直升船機(提升式、平衡重式、浮筒式)、斜面升船機⑴筏道：用于浮運木排的過木建筑物⑵漂木道：用于浮運散漂原木的過木建筑物⑶過木機：運送木材過壩的機械設施：⑴沉沙槽式：利用導水墻和導沙坎形成的沉沙池沉淀泥沙。⑵人工彎道式：利用人工彎道形成的環(huán)流。⑶分層取水式(沖沙廊道式)：利用上清下渾的泥沙沿水深的分布特點，表層取水、底層沖沙。⑷底欄柵式：利用金屬欄柵攔沙，但只能攔掉粗于欄柵孔徑的推移質。：①渠道：分干、支、斗、農四級②調節(jié)及配水建筑物：節(jié)制閘、分水閘③交叉建筑物：渡槽、倒虹吸管、涵洞④落差建筑物：跌水、陡坡⑤泄水建筑物：泄水閘、虹吸溢洪道⑥沖沙和沉沙建筑物：沖沙閘、沉沙池⑦量水建筑物：量水堰、量水管嘴窗體底端Winger TuivasaSheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis39。 2018 semifinal win over England, has been passed fit after a lowerleg injury, while Slater has been named at fullback but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley39。s effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the petition39。s top try scorer with nine, closely followed by TuivasaSheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi with a tournament high 17 offloads has the chance of being the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.I39。d give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me it39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCity39。s 21 win.Michel Platini, president of European football39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。s actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s plaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our daytoday weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest ( miles/ kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of mercial airliners ( miles/ kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here the last try they conceded was scored by England39。s Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team undercooked but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos39。 focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests strong defence, especially on their own goalline, pleting sets and a good kickchase. They39。ve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your teammates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at fullback they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many highpressure games a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winnin