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Use Systems ?A. Manage medication errors/adverse drug reactions ?B. Participate in drug use evaluations ?C. Understand formulary management ?D. Understand outes research/quality assessment IV. General AbilityBased Professional Skills ?A. Thinking ?B. Communication ?C. Decision making ?D. Social and contextual awareness ?E. Social Responsibility ?F. Social Interaction ?G. Selflearning abilities 1. 如何理解臨床藥學(xué)和藥師的內(nèi)涵? 2. 臨床藥師為誰(shuí)而工作?如何工作? 3. 臨床藥師主要干什么? 4. 臨床藥師都在哪里工作? 5. 臨床藥師的水平如何分出高下? 6. 如何保持和提高臨床藥學(xué)工作水平? 7. 行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)能為臨床藥學(xué)做些什么? 1. APhA – American Pharmacist Association (1852) 2. NARD – National Association of Retail Druggists (1898) 3. NABP – National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (1904) 4. ACPE – Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (1932) 5. AACP – American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (1937) 6. ASHP – American Society of HealthSystem Pharmacists (1942) 7. ASCP – American Society of Consultant Pharmacists (1969) 8. ACCP – American College of Clinical Pharmacy (1979) 9. AAPS – American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (1986) – The National Institute for Standards in Pharmacist Credentialing (1998) – European Society of Clinical Pharmacy The Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties (.) 1976 ? Nuclear Pharmacy (1978) —— BCNP ? Nutrition Support Pharmacy (1988) —— BCNSP ? Pharmacotherapy (1988) —— BCPS ? Psychiatric Pharmacy (1992) —— BCPP ? Oncology Pharmacy (1996) —— BCOP The Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy (.) 1997 Certified Disease Manager (.) of diabetes, asthma, dyslipidemia, and anticoagulation therapy. ? Help individual hospital inpatients and nonhospitalized patients achieve the best use of medications. ? Apply evidencebased methods to the improvement of medication therapy. ? Improving the safety of medication use. ? Apply technology effectively to improve the safety of medication use. ? Engage in public health initiatives on behalf of their munities. Thank you ! Any Questions ?