【正文】 e a plete transcript of the ideas of the original English long sentence，and convey the author’s ideas faithfully and exactly？ Some good skills can help translators do that. Talking of the various concrete methods of English long sentence translation，there are too many to enumerate and exhaust，thus，only several monlyused ones will be discussed here. Rearrangement of the word order Sometimes，it is necessary for translators to rearrange the word order when translating English long sentences into Chinese. It is because the two languages have each their own characteristics. For instance，attributive phrases and clauses usually follow the words they modify in English whereas they usually precede the modified words in Chinese. Englishmen and Americans prefer to put the adverbials of time and of place at the end of a sentence while Chinese people often have them at the beginning. If these two kinds of adverbials coexist in a single sentence，the adverbial of time usually follows that of place in English，but they are exactly in the reverse order in Chinese. Some examples will show that.Original: It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me. （Sun Yingchun 2001：167）Original Version:再也找不到比我更幸福的孩子了，在這個意義重大的日子即將結(jié)束的時候，我躺在小床上回顧一天的歡樂。（Sun Yingchun 2001：167）Comment: “It would have been difficult to” is the author39。s feelings, which always be put at the end of the sentence in Chinese. Therefore, the word order of the original version should be rearranged as follows.Corrected Version:在這個意義重大的日子即將結(jié)束的時候，我躺在小床上回顧一天的歡樂，恐怕再也找不到比我更幸福的孩子了。（Sun Yingchun 2001：167） Splitting and binationJudging from the feature of the structure of the English syntax，some elements (clauses, phrases or words) in long sentences are difficult to deal with. So it is all right for translators to separate some words and phrases from the main trunk of the sentence or divide the original long sentence into two Chinese sentences. The method is called “splitting”（Tan Zaixi 1993：86）. On the contrary，there is，sometimes ，the necessity of bining some simple English sentences into one Chinese sentence，.We have utterly lost touch. We have nothing at all to say. We gaze at each other as dumb animals gaze at human beings.（Seeing People Off by Max Beerbolm.）（Sun Yingchun2001：38）These three sentences may have the following two different translations：。我們根本無話可說。我們就像不會講話的牲畜呆呆地望人那樣地你望著我我望著你。2. 我們完全失去了聯(lián)系，根本無話可說，就像不會講話的牲畜呆呆地望人那樣地你望著我我望著你。The first is a sentencebysentence translation and the second a bination of the three original sentences into one. Both are faithful to the content and read smoothly. But paratively speaking，the former seems and sounds wordy whereas the latter concise. It’s because the same subjects are seldom repeated in accordance with the Chinese usage except for an emphasis on purpose. Conversion of some wordsSometimes，in English long sentence translation，some words and phrases are translated into Chinese once，which are in keeping with their original parts of speech：noun into noun，adjective into adjectives and verbs into verbs. English is，after all，greatly different from Chinese in many aspects. Verbs are more frequently used in Chinese than in English. Sometimes words used in a long sentence need converting when translated into Chinese. .Example 1 One after another，speakers calls for the downfall of imperialism，abolition of exploitation of man，liberation of the oppressed of the world. （Tan Zaixi 1993：302）發(fā)言人一個接一個表示要打倒帝國主義，要消滅剝削人的制度，要解放世界上被壓迫的人民。“downfall” “abolition” “exploitation” “l(fā)iberation” in all nouns，but they are turned into verbs in the Chinese version. All these words in the original are nouns，yet they share the function of verbs，which are called “verbal nouns”.There are some other examples：Example 2 They argue that regimes e and go，that political issues are always transient，that the Olympic spirit is transcendent. （Luo Xinzhang 1995： 206）他們說，政府無非是走馬燈，政治問題總是朝生夕逝的，只有奧林匹克精神才是永世長存的。（Verb→Noun）Example 3 It is a twoway street in politics. When you ignore people，they are going to ignore you. （Luo Xinzhang 1995：210）這是政治上的一種有來必往的現(xiàn)象，如果你不理睬人家，人家也就不理睬你。（Adjective→Verb）Example 4 Now，ten years later，she has gained her master’s degree from Harvard School of Education and is finally off welfare. （Luo Xinzhang 1995： 214）現(xiàn)在經(jīng)過十年寒窗之苦以后，她已獲得了哈佛大學(xué)教育學(xué)院的碩士學(xué)位，并終于擺脫的經(jīng)濟。（Preposition→Verb） Conversion of parts of speech is frequently and flexibly used in the translation from English long sentences into Chinese. Whether or not it is to be used seems not to be determined by the original，instead，it is determined by Chinese，the target language，whose advantages must be taken and will be taken to the full by converting parts of speech of English words. Proper addition and omissionIn many cases，it is neither possible nor necessary to translate word for word. In the process of English long sentence translation，translators will often have to make proper addition or omission of some individual word in accordance with the corresponding laws inherent in the two languages concerned. But meanwhile it is necessary to see that proper “addition”or “omission” is quite different from the “random translation” because the former aims to retain and better express the original meaning whereas the latter is subjective and irresponsible to the original text. Proper additionBecause translators must faithfully turn the obvious form of the original language into the target language，and at the same time，must convey what is implied in the original context，especially that closely connected with background of the original culture and history in the target language，a translator must，sometimes，add something（ that is implied but not obviously expressed in words）to the original lengthened，form changed，but the meaning of the original remains unchanged，and it is only adapted to capability of readers. Amplification