【導(dǎo)讀】化、理論化的過程。系統(tǒng)化、理論化的信息就稱為知。傳遞有使用價值的知識或信息。情報具有保密性、時。效性、傳遞性的特點。一切物質(zhì)形態(tài)的載體，統(tǒng)稱為文獻(xiàn)。某學(xué)科文獻(xiàn)密度大、載文率、被引用率及利用率較高，深受本學(xué)科專家和讀者關(guān)注的期刊。利繼受人在法定期限內(nèi)對其發(fā)明創(chuàng)造享有的專有權(quán)。動產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)三種。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)即“智力成果。動而創(chuàng)造的精神財富所享有的權(quán)利。9引文：是被引用的文獻(xiàn)，即論文后所附的參考文獻(xiàn)。之間的相關(guān)性及先前文獻(xiàn)對當(dāng)前文獻(xiàn)的影響力。別人的文獻(xiàn)，ＳＣＩ稱之為引用著者或來源著者。數(shù)據(jù)庫的倒排文檔是按文獻(xiàn)特征標(biāo)識的字母順。關(guān)信息檢索系統(tǒng)的計算機(jī)直接連接進(jìn)行“人機(jī)對話”，據(jù)庫中，一條記錄則代表一個信息單元。它是繼紙張、微縮品、磁存儲器之后問世的又一。URL是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的編址機(jī)。稱文獻(xiàn)信息調(diào)研）就是對文獻(xiàn)信息進(jìn)行調(diào)查與研究。到目前為止已經(jīng)陸續(xù)出版發(fā)行分冊。狀結(jié)構(gòu)號后帶有“+”的表示樹狀結(jié)構(gòu)號不完整）。

　　

【正文】 分為信息服務(wù)、軟件、尋人 E 按照專業(yè)范圍分為一般主題、醫(yī)學(xué)主題 。 搜索引擎的 意義 ： 搜索引擎通過用戶輸入關(guān)鍵詞查詢時，會告訴用戶包含該關(guān)鍵詞信息的所有網(wǎng)址，并提供通向該網(wǎng)址的鏈接。使用戶在無法 下手、錯綜復(fù)雜、無窮無盡的超級鏈接中不迷失方向，使用戶在網(wǎng)上快速有效地獲取信息資源。 1 實例說明計算機(jī)檢索地步驟 步驟 1 分析課題確定主題概念 在計算機(jī)信息檢索之前，對待檢課題進(jìn)行深入的分析，找出課題中包含的主要概念以及明確最終的檢索目的。還要明確所需信息的類型是文獻(xiàn)型還是數(shù)值型、事實型；是全文型、還是文摘型、是專利型還是一般資料。例如：檢索 AIDS 與 HIV 感染方面的文獻(xiàn)。其關(guān)鍵詞是 AIDS 和 HIV 與感染 步驟 2 選擇檢索方式和數(shù)據(jù)庫 : 選擇合適的數(shù)據(jù)庫和檢索方式是計算機(jī)信息檢索成功的關(guān)鍵。一般來說，網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù) 據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)更新速度要比光盤數(shù)據(jù)庫快得多。要根據(jù)待檢課題的學(xué)科專業(yè)范圍、主題內(nèi)容、檢索要求和目的，選擇收錄文獻(xiàn)種類、專業(yè)覆蓋面、年代跨度和更新周期對口的數(shù)據(jù)庫及檢索方式。例如：接上例，經(jīng)過分析例子屬于醫(yī)學(xué)范疇，可以選擇 SCI 或 IM 數(shù)據(jù)庫 步驟 3 確定檢索途徑 如果檢索課題的研究范圍和內(nèi)容比較寬廣惡和系統(tǒng)時，多采用分類途徑方法。如果檢索課題的研究范圍和內(nèi)容比較專深時，往往采用主題檢索方法。同時，要注意檢索詞的選用。使用主題詞還是使用自由詞檢索。例如：接上例，可以利用主題途徑＋副主題詞進(jìn)行檢索。 步驟 4 編制檢索策略 （檢索式） 編制檢索策略是指在正確分析課題主題的基礎(chǔ)上，把選擇好的檢索詞或檢索標(biāo)識按檢索系統(tǒng)規(guī)定或允許的運(yùn)算符或檢索規(guī)則連接起來，形成檢索策略，并提交計算機(jī)檢索進(jìn)行處理的全過程。 常用的運(yùn)算符有：⑴布爾邏輯運(yùn)算符―― (and 、 or 、 not) 表達(dá)檢索詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系的算符。⑵位置算符―― (with 、 near 、 pre ) 適用于兩個檢索詞在同一篇命中文獻(xiàn)中需要指定間隔距離或出現(xiàn)順序的檢索表達(dá)式。⑶字段限定符―― (in 、 =)將檢索詞限制在文獻(xiàn)特定字段中出現(xiàn)的檢索。⑷截詞算符 ―― （ *、 ?）是指截取檢索詞中的一部分進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)檢索的方式。例題：接上例，檢索式可以是 AIDS and HIV and infect 步驟 5 檢索策略的反饋調(diào)整 檢索策略輸入檢索系統(tǒng)之后，初步檢索的結(jié)果有時不一定能滿足課題的要求，例如，檢索的輸出文獻(xiàn)較多，而且不相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)所占比例較大時，檢索式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。反之，亦然。如有必要，應(yīng)對檢索式進(jìn)行多次的反饋修改和調(diào)整，直到檢索結(jié)果滿意為止。 名詞解釋 1 知識 2 情報 3 文獻(xiàn) 4 核心期刊 5 專利 6 知識產(chǎn)權(quán) 7 專利文獻(xiàn) 8 同族專利 9 引文 10 來源著者 11 倒排文檔 12 參考數(shù)據(jù)庫 13 聯(lián)機(jī)檢索 14 脫機(jī)檢索 15 記錄 16 光盤 17 二次檢索 18URL 19 綜述 20 文獻(xiàn)信息調(diào)查研究 。 簡答題 ⒈什么是檢索語言，其作用是什么 ⒉主題語言有幾種？簡要闡述其特點和區(qū)別 ⒊什么是查全率和查準(zhǔn)率，二者之間有何關(guān)系 ⒋簡述《中文科技資料目錄》（醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生）分類途徑的檢索步驟 ⒌ 《醫(yī)學(xué)主題詞表》（ MeSH）字順表的參照系統(tǒng)有哪幾種？舉例說明其意義 6 依據(jù)我國專利法保護(hù)對象專利有哪幾 種類型？各種類型的專利有效期為多少 ⒎ 簡述知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的特點 ⒏簡述授予專利權(quán)的條件 ⒐ SCI 的作用 有哪些 ⒑ 簡述引文分析法的作用 ⒒ 簡述計算機(jī)信息檢索系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 ⒓ 照國際上通用的分類方法，數(shù)據(jù)庫通常分為哪些類型 ⒔簡 述數(shù)據(jù)庫的結(jié)構(gòu) ⒕ 計算機(jī)檢索系統(tǒng)中常用的運(yùn)算符或檢索規(guī)則有哪些 ⒖ 簡述光盤的類型和特點 ⒗ 簡述 Inter能提供的服務(wù) ⒘ 簡述電子郵件地址的組成 18 報道性文摘與指示性文摘的區(qū)別 論述題 ⒈科技文獻(xiàn)根據(jù)加工層次劃分為幾種類型，各類型有何特點？ ⒉試述文獻(xiàn)檢索的基本方法、途徑和步驟。 ⒊ 述國內(nèi)醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)檢索刊物的類型和特點。 ⒋試述《醫(yī)學(xué)主題詞表》（ MeSH）的四個組成部分的作用 ⒌試述 IM 主 題索引的編排規(guī)則以及使用該索引檢索文獻(xiàn)時應(yīng)如何選準(zhǔn)主題詞 ⒍試述 SCI 各種檢索途徑的用途和使用方法 ⒎結(jié)合實例說明計算機(jī)檢索的基本步驟。 ⒏舉例說明計算機(jī)文獻(xiàn)檢索中檢索策略的反饋調(diào)整手段 ⒐試述計算機(jī)檢索系統(tǒng)中常用的運(yùn)算符或檢索規(guī)則 ⒑試述因特網(wǎng)搜索引擎的概念、類型及意義 ⒒試述網(wǎng)上生物醫(yī)學(xué)信息資源的類型和特點 ⒓試述文獻(xiàn)信息調(diào)研的基本步驟 、類型及意義 4 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2020. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President