【導(dǎo)讀】代替腦力勞動(dòng)的工具。它與人類在農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)社會(huì)中創(chuàng)造的那些只是增強(qiáng)體力勞。動(dòng)的工具相比，起了質(zhì)的飛躍，為人類進(jìn)入信息社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。1952年，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用到了機(jī)床上，在美國(guó)誕生了第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床。傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)的變化。近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)階段和六代的。能適應(yīng)機(jī)床實(shí)時(shí)控制的要求。人們不得不采用數(shù)字邏輯電路"搭"成一臺(tái)機(jī)床專用。隨著元器件的發(fā)展，這個(gè)階段歷經(jīng)了三代，即1952年的第一代--電子管；1959年的第二代--晶體管；1965年的第三代--小規(guī)模集成電路。到1970年，通用小型計(jì)算機(jī)業(yè)已出現(xiàn)并成批生產(chǎn)。于是將它移植過(guò)來(lái)作為。的"通用"兩個(gè)字省略了）。到1971年，美國(guó)INTEL公司在世界上第一次將計(jì)算。到1974年微處理器被應(yīng)用于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。這是因?yàn)樾⌒陀?jì)算機(jī)功能太強(qiáng)，控。微處理器經(jīng)濟(jì)合理。而且當(dāng)時(shí)的小型機(jī)可靠性也不理想。

　　

【正文】 nts on the environment at room temperature. Design and debugging difficult than openloop system. However, can be pared to the openloop system into higher accuracy, faster speed, greater power drive characteristic indicators. Under the technological requirements and decide whether or not to adopt this system. 該系統(tǒng)與開環(huán)系統(tǒng)的區(qū)別是：由光柵、感應(yīng)同步器等位置檢測(cè)裝置測(cè)得的實(shí)際位置反饋信號(hào)，隨時(shí)與給定值進(jìn)行比較，將兩者的差值放大和變換，驅(qū)動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，以給定的速度向著消除偏差的方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，直到給定位置與反饋的實(shí)際位置的差值等于零為止。閉環(huán)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)在結(jié)構(gòu)上比開環(huán)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜，成本也高，對(duì)環(huán)境室溫要求嚴(yán)。設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)試都比開環(huán)系統(tǒng)難。但是可以獲得比開環(huán)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)更高的精度，更快的速度，驅(qū)動(dòng)功率更大的特性指標(biāo)?？筛鶕?jù)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)要求，決定是否采用這種系統(tǒng)。 , AC / DC servo motor drive, the semiencoder feedback loop NC system 、交 /直流伺服電機(jī)拖動(dòng)，編碼器反饋的半閉環(huán)數(shù)控系統(tǒng) Semiclosedloop system detection devices installed in the middle of transmission, the implementation of indirect measurement ponents position. It can only be part of the internal loop pensation system ponents of the error and, therefore, it pared the accuracy of the closedloop system of low accuracy, but its structure and debug than simple closedloop system. Will be in the angular displacement detection devices and speed detection devices and make a servo motor when there was no need to consider the overall position of the installation of detection devices. 半閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)元件安裝在中間傳動(dòng)件上，間接測(cè)量執(zhí)行部件的位置。它只能補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)環(huán)路內(nèi)部部分元件的誤差，因此，它的精度比閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)的精度低，但是它的結(jié)構(gòu)與調(diào)試都較閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單。在將角位移檢測(cè)元件與速度檢測(cè)元件和伺服電機(jī)作成一個(gè)整體時(shí)則無(wú)需考慮位置檢測(cè)裝置的安裝問題。 NC system for the current production panies more manufacturers, such as the famous German pany SIEMENS, Japan FANUC panies。 Everest domestic panies such as China, Beijing Aerospace CNC System Corporation, Shenyang and the central highgrade panies NC National Engineering Research Center. 當(dāng)前生產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的公司廠家比較多，國(guó)外著名公司的如德國(guó) SIEMENS 公外文資料翻譯 16 司、日本 FANUC 公司；國(guó)內(nèi)公司如中國(guó)珠峰公司、北京航天機(jī)床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)集團(tuán)公司、華中數(shù) 控公司和沈陽(yáng)高檔數(shù)控國(guó)家工程研究中心。 NC selection system is based mainly CNC machine modified to achieve the various precision, motordriven power and user requirements. 選擇數(shù)控系統(tǒng)時(shí)主要是根據(jù)數(shù)控改造后機(jī)床要達(dá)到的各種精度、驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的功率和用戶的要求。 Sixth, the transformation of NC modification of the main mechanical ponents 六、數(shù)控改造中主要機(jī)械部件改裝探討 A new CNC machine tools in the design to achieve: a high static and dynamic stiffness of movement of the friction coefficient between small, transmission without clearance。 big power。 easy operation and maintenance. CNC transformation should be possible to achieve the above requirements. NC devices that can not be connected together with the general machine tools to reach the requirements of the NC machine tool, should also be major ponents corresponding to the transformation of up to a certain design requirements can be anticipated adaptation. 一臺(tái)新的數(shù)控機(jī)床，在設(shè)計(jì)上要達(dá)到：有高的靜動(dòng)態(tài)剛度；運(yùn)動(dòng)副之間的摩擦系數(shù)小，傳動(dòng)無(wú)間隙；功率大；便于操作和維修。機(jī)床數(shù)控改造時(shí)應(yīng)盡量達(dá)到上述要求。不能認(rèn)為將數(shù)控裝置與普通機(jī)床連接在一起就達(dá)到了數(shù)控機(jī)床的要求，還應(yīng)對(duì)主要部件進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的改造使其達(dá)到一定的設(shè)計(jì)要求，才能獲得預(yù)期的改造目的。 , sliding Guideway 、滑動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌 副 On the NC lathe, in addition to a general guide lathes and precision of sexual orientation, but also a good Naimaca, wear characteristics, and reduce the frictional resistance to the death zone. At the same time there must be enough stiffness to reduce rail deformation on the impact of machining accuracy, a reasonable guide protection and lubrication. 對(duì)數(shù)控車床來(lái)說(shuō)，導(dǎo)軌除應(yīng)具有普通車床導(dǎo)向精度和工藝性外，還要有良好的耐摩擦、磨損特性，并減少因摩擦阻力而致死區(qū)。同時(shí)要有足夠的剛度，以減少導(dǎo)軌變形對(duì)加工精度的影響，要有合理的導(dǎo)軌防護(hù)和潤(rùn)滑。 外文資料翻譯 17 , deputy Gear 、齒輪副 General Machine concentrated in the main gear box and gearbox in the spindle. In order to ensure transmission accuracy, the use of CNC machine tool accuracy of gear higher grades than the general machine tools. In the structure must be able to achieve seamless transmission, thus transforming, machine main gear must meet the requirements of CNC machine tools, in order to ensure accuracy machining. 一般機(jī)床的齒輪主要集中在主軸箱和變速箱中。為了保證傳動(dòng)精度，數(shù)控機(jī)床上使用的齒輪精度等級(jí)都比普通機(jī)床高。在結(jié)構(gòu)上要能達(dá)到無(wú)間隙傳動(dòng)，因而改造時(shí)，機(jī)床主要齒輪必須滿足數(shù)控機(jī)床的要求，以保證機(jī)床加工精度。 , and the ball screw sliding leadscrew 、滑動(dòng)絲杠與滾珠絲杠 Screwdrive directly related to the transmission chain accuracy. Screw selection depends largely on the accuracy of the processing of requests and drag torque requirements. Accuracy is the main requirement of processing may be sliding Screw, but should check the leadscrew wear, such as pitch and pitch error accumulated error and match Nut Gap. Sliding leadscrew general should not be less than six, the nut is too large gap replacement nut. The use of a sliding leadscrew relatively lower prices of ball screw, but it is difficult to meet the high precision machining. 絲杠傳動(dòng)直接關(guān)系到傳動(dòng)鏈精度。絲杠的選用主要取決于加工件的精度要求和拖動(dòng)扭矩要求。被加工件精度要求不高時(shí)可采用滑動(dòng)絲杠，但應(yīng)檢查原絲杠磨損情況，如螺距誤差及螺距累計(jì)誤差以及相配螺母間隙。一般情況滑動(dòng)絲杠應(yīng)不低于 6 級(jí)，螺母間隙過(guò)大則更換螺母。采用滑動(dòng)絲杠相對(duì)滾珠絲杠價(jià)格較低，但難以滿足精度較高的零件加工。 Ball screw friction losses small, high efficiency, the transmission efficiency of more than 90% of high accuracy, long life。 starting torque and the torque of close campaigns, starting torque motor can be reduced. So to meet high precision machining requirements. 滾珠絲杠摩擦損失小，效率高，其傳動(dòng)效率可 在 90%以上；精度高，壽命長(zhǎng)；啟動(dòng)力矩和運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)力矩相接近，可以降低電機(jī)啟動(dòng)力矩。因此可滿足較高精度零件加工要求。 外文資料翻譯 18 , security 、安全防護(hù) Efficiency must be security as the prerequisite. Machine transformation in the light of the actual situation, we should take corresponding measures must not be ignored. Ball screw is sophisticated ponents, work to prevent dust particular chip and hard sand into the raceway. Screw in the vertical can also increase overall plate shields. And the extension units at both ends of the sliding contact surface Guide to seal well, absolutely rigid Coarse prevent the entry of foreign matter sliding surface damage Guide. 效率必須以安全為前提。在機(jī)床改造中要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況采取相應(yīng)的措施，切不可忽視。滾珠絲杠副是精密元件，工作時(shí)要嚴(yán)防灰塵特別是切屑及硬砂粒進(jìn)入滾道。在縱向絲杠上也可加整體鐵板防護(hù)罩。大拖板與滑動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌接觸的兩端面要密封好，絕對(duì)防止硬質(zhì)顆粒狀的異物進(jìn)入滑動(dòng)面損傷導(dǎo)軌。 Seventh, the main steps of CNC machine tools 七、機(jī)床數(shù)控改造主要步驟 , for the determination of transformation 、改造方案的確定 Through analysis of the feasibility of transforming the future, we can against a Taiwan or a few machines determine the current s