【導讀】但直到現(xiàn)在，世界上有些地方，人們還不會書寫。他們保存歷史的唯一辦法是將。歷史當作傳說講述，由講述人一代接一代地將史實描述為傳奇故事口傳下來。告訴人們：其中一部分是約在2，000年前從印度尼西亞遷來的。于是，考古學家們既缺乏歷史記載，又無口頭傳說來幫助他們弄清最早的?！艾F(xiàn)代人”是從哪里來的。他們也可能用過木頭和獸皮，但這類東西早已腐爛殆盡。因此，盡管制造這些工具的人的骨頭早已蕩然無存，但遠古時代的石頭工具卻保

　　

【正文】 on Asians. Already， orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. 12 And Chinese ， Korean ， Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California39。s colleges. As the heads of nextgeneration startups ， these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to fe righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance， Alex Au， a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong ， has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan39。s near lock on the memorychip market. Indiaborn Reddy39。s tiny California pany reopened an AT amp。 T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it bees a retirement village， Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business. US NEWS AND WORLD REPORT， October 2， 1989 New words and expressions 生詞和短語 silicon integrated adj. 綜合的 circuit ，電路 California n. 加利福尼亞（美國州名） workstation chip n. 芯片，集成電路片，集成塊 newsletter n. 時事通訊Macintosh ，一種個人電腦 penalize v. 處罰，懲罰 customize 體需要制造 spawn ，釀成 thrive v. 興旺，繁榮 anarchy ，混亂 oriental n. 東方人 constitute v. 構成 drove innovator fe memorychip AT amp。 T 美國電話電報公司（ American Telephone and Telegraph） Kansas n. 堪薩斯（美國 州名） Missouri n. 密蘇里（美國州名） 參考譯文技術的發(fā)展趨勢有可能把硅谷重新推向未來。卡弗。米德 —— 集成電路的一位先驅，加州理工學院的計算機教授 —— 注意到，現(xiàn)在有些計算機工作站使工程技術 人員可以在他們的辦公桌上設計、試驗和生產芯片，就像一位編輯在蘋果機上編出一份時事通訊一樣。由于制造一塊芯片的時間已縮短至幾天，費用也只有幾百美元，因此， 工程技術人員可能很塊就可充分發(fā)揮他們的想像力，而不會因失敗而造成經(jīng)濟上的損失。米德預言發(fā)明者可以在辦公室用一個周末的時間生產了完美的、功 能很強的、按客戶 需求設計的芯片 —— 造就新一代從汽車間起家的技術人員，在把產品推向市場方面使美國把它的外國對手們打個措手不及?！拔覀冇懈嗟钠囬g，那里有許多聰明人，”米 德說。“我們確實是靠這種無政府狀態(tài)發(fā)展起來的?！笨康氖莵喼奕?。硅谷許多公司中工程技術人員的大多數(shù)是東方人和亞裔美國人。中國、韓國、菲律賓和印度的工程師一 批批地從加州的大學畢業(yè)。作為新掘起一代的帶頭人，亞裔發(fā)明家可以憑借他們在習慣和語言上的優(yōu)勢，與關鍵的太平洋沿岸市場建立起更加牢固的聯(lián)系。比如說，亞歷克斯。 奧，一位來自香港的斯坦福大學博 士，已經(jīng)在臺灣建廠，對日本在內存條市場上近似壟斷的局面提出了挑戰(zhàn)。印度出生的 。雷迪經(jīng)營的小小的加州公司在堪薩斯城重 新啟用了美國電話電報公司的一家芯片工廠，并從密蘇里州獲取了財政上的支持。在硅谷變成一個退休村之前，它很可能成為建立全球商業(yè)的一個教學場地。 Lesson 11 How to grow old 如何安度晚年 13 First listen and then answer the following ，然后回答以下問題。 What， according to the author， is the best way to overe the fear of death as you get older ？ Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows， and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do ， the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overe it—— so at least it seems to me —— is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal， until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede， and your life bees increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river—— small at first ， narrowly contained within its banks ， and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider， the banks recede ， the waters flow more quietly， and in the end ， without any visible break， they bee merged in the sea， and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who ， in old age ， can see his life in this way ， will not suffer from the fear of death ， since the things he cares for will continue. And if， with the decay of vitality ， weariness increases， the thought of rest will be not unwele. I should wish to die while still at work， knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do， and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. BERTRAND RUSSELL How to grow old from Portraits from Memory New words and expressions 生詞和短語 oppress ，壓抑 justification justifiably cheat abject adj. 可憐的 ignoble adj. 不體面的，可恥的 impersonal adj. 超脫個人感情影響的 ego receded increasing adv. 日益，不斷 passionately adv. 激昂地 painlessly adv. 毫無痛苦地 vitality weariness 參考譯文有些老年人因為怕死而感到煩惱。青年人有這種感覺是情有可原的。有理由害怕自己會死在戰(zhàn)場上的年輕人，想到自己被剝奪了生活所能給予的最美好的東西時， 感到痛苦，這是可以理解的?？墒抢夏耆艘呀?jīng)飽嘗了人間的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，如果怕死，就有點兒可憐又可鄙?？朔滤赖淖詈棉k法 —— 至少在我看來是這樣 —— 就 是逐 漸使自己的興趣更加廣泛，逐漸擺脫個人狹小的圈子，直到自我的圍墻一點一點地倒塌下來，自己的生活慢慢地和整個宇宙的生活融合在一起。個人的存在應該像一條河 流，開始很小，被緊緊地夾在兩岸中間，接著熱情奔放地沖過巨石，飛下瀑布。然后河面漸漸地變寬，兩岸后撤，河水流得平緩起來，最后連綿不斷地匯入大海，毫無痛苦地 失去了自我的存在。上了年紀的人這樣看待生命，就不會有懼怕死亡的心情了，因為自己關心的一切事件都會繼續(xù)下去。再者，隨著精力的衰退，老年人的疲憊會增長，有長 14 眠的愿望未嘗不是一件好事情，我希望工作到死為止，明白了 有人會繼續(xù)我的未竟事業(yè)，想到能做的事都做了，也就坦然了。 Unit 2 Lesson 12 Banks and their customers 銀行和顧客 First listen and then answer the following ，然后回答以下問題。 Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer39。s name on his cheques？ When anyone opens a current account at a bank ， he is lending the bank money ， repayment of which he may demand at any time ， either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. Primarily ， the bankercustomer relationship is that of debtor and creditor—— who is which depending on whether the customer39。s account is in credit or is overdrawn. But， in addition to that basically simple concept ， the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give in to problems and plications but a bank customer ， unlike ， say， a buyer of goods， cannot plain that the law is loaded against him. The bank must obey its customer39。s instructions ， and not those of anyone else. When ， for example ， a customer first opens an account， he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques draw by himself. He gives the bank specimens of his signature， and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer39。s money on a cheques on which its customer39。s signature has been fed. It makes no difference that the fery may have been a very skilful one： the bank must re