消費行為ppt課件-資料下載頁
2025-05-12 12:25本頁面
【正文】 消費曲線 可以推導(dǎo)出消費者的需求曲線。需求曲線有兩個特征： ⒈當(dāng)我們沿者曲線移動時，可以獲得的效用數(shù)量會發(fā)生變化。 The level of utility that can be attained changes as we move along curve. ⒉ 在曲線的每一點上，消費者通過滿足食物對衣服的邊際替代率等于食物和衣服價格之比這一條件來使效用最大化。 At every point on the demand curve, the consumer is maximizing utility by satisfying the condition that the Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of food for clothing equals the ration of the prices of food and clothing. 三、收入變化 (Ine changes) ⒈ 收入 — 消費曲線 ( ineconsumption curve )是指在消費者的偏好和商品價格不變的條件下，與某一種商品的不同價格水平相聯(lián)系的消費者效用最大化的均衡點的軌跡。 ⒉ 正常品和劣等品 (Normal versus inferior good) 四、 恩格爾曲線 (Engel curves) 由收入 — 消費曲線可以推倒出恩格爾曲線。 恩格爾曲線表示消費者在每一收入水平和商品需求量之間存在著一 一對應(yīng)的關(guān)系。 Engel curves: Curve relating the quantity of a good consumed to ine. 五、替代效應(yīng)和收入效應(yīng) (Ine and substitution effects) ⒈ 替代效應(yīng) ( substitution effects)：是指當(dāng)一商品的價格下降時，消費者用此商品替代別的商品（別的商品的價格不變） Substitution effects : Change in consumption of a Good associated with a change in its price, with the lev el of utility held constant. ⒉ 收入效應(yīng) ( ine effects)：是指商品的價格維持不變，只是由于實際收入的變化而引起消費者對兩種商品購買量的變化。 Ine effects: Change in consumption of a good resulting from an increase in purchasing power, with Relative price held constant. ⒊ 特例：吉芬商品 (A special case: the Giffen good) U1 U2 U3 E1 E3 E2 X11 X21 X31 Food (units per month) 0 B B\ B\\ (a) 0 P11 P21 P31 X11 X21 X31 a b c (b) Food (units per month) Clothing (units per month) Clothing (units per month) priceconsumption curve demand curve 40 80 120 60 40 20 Food (units per month) Clothing (units per month) U1 U2 U3 ineconsumption curve X2 X2 U1 U2 U3 E1 E3 E2 X11 X21 X31 X1 0 B B\ B\\ (b) inferior good A\\ A\ A U1 U2 U3 E1 E3 E2 X11 X21 X31 X1 0 B B\ B\\ (a) Normal versus A\\ A\ A Ineconsumption curve I X1 0 (b) X1 0 (a) I Engel curves X1＝ f ( I ) inferior Normal Engel curves X1＝ f ( I ) 0 X1 X2 X3 B3 B2 B1 E2 E3 E1 A C total effect substitution effects ine effects Food (units per month) Clothing (units per month
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1