【正文】
indictment to a fine of HK$ or imprisonment for year or for life. 凡是/任何人(做任何違法之事) …… 即屬犯罪,一經(jīng)定罪 (一經(jīng)公訴判決),可處罰款 …… 港元或監(jiān)禁 年或終身監(jiān)禁。 ? 而內(nèi)地典型的法律條文的英譯文版則會(huì)這樣去表述:Whoever does something is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixedterm imprisonment, or life imprisonment or death. …… 的,處 …… 十年以上有期徒刑或無(wú)期徒刑/死刑。 ? 內(nèi)地獨(dú)特的刑罰:拘役( criminal detention)、勞動(dòng)改造( labour reform)、 行政處分( administrative sanction)、強(qiáng)制勞動(dòng)( forced labour)、強(qiáng)制改造( coercive remoulding)、監(jiān)督勞動(dòng)改造( labour reform under surveillance)、紀(jì)律處分( disciplinary action (award/treatment/punishment)、公審 (adjudicate in public)、處決 (execute) 等,在普通法的刑罰中很難找到對(duì)等概念。 ? 緩刑 probation ? 加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督型緩刑 intensive supervision probation ? 赦免和減刑 pardon and executive clemency ? 當(dāng)法官發(fā)現(xiàn)案件一時(shí)難以裁定時(shí),他或許會(huì)宣布休庭( adjourn),繼而一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)疑犯指控的罪行不成立時(shí),法官或陪審團(tuán)就得撤訴( dismiss or acquit the case);控方也可以主動(dòng)撤訴,但其英文表述與法官的用詞有所不同: drop all charges against sb.。這樣,疑犯會(huì)無(wú)罪開釋: find not guilty。 ? 逃犯 fugitive; active criminal現(xiàn)行犯;大赦 —amnesty ? 中文里,無(wú)論是傳喚疑犯還是證人,都可用“傳喚”或“傳召”,沒有任何差別。 ? 但在英文里,傳喚當(dāng)事人會(huì)用“ summon sb. to court‖或“ serve a summons on sb.‖;而傳喚證人則用“ subpoena sb.‖或者“ serve a subpoena on sb.‖。 ? 證人在法庭作證,首先必須宣誓。在普通法國(guó)家,法庭要求證人手持 《 圣經(jīng) 》 向神或上帝宣誓( swear an oath),或者以法例準(zhǔn)許或規(guī)定的方式讓當(dāng)事人以非宗教式宣誓代替宗教式宣誓( affirm/ take an affirmation)。典型的宗教誓詞是這樣的:“ I solemnly swear to God that I tell the truth, the whole truth, nothing but the truth。”而非宗誓詞( affidavit)則是這樣的 :―I, …………, do solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm and declare that the evidence which I shall give to the court and jury sworn between our Sovereign Lady the Queen and the prisoner at the bar shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.‖如果證人作假證,那就犯了另一項(xiàng)刑事罪:偽證罪( perjury)。經(jīng)宣誓作證的人稱做“ deponent‖,其所作的證詞為“ deposition‖。另一組同義詞為“ testifier‖,動(dòng)詞為“ testify‖, 其所作的證詞為“ testimony‖。但如果證詞是書面陳述,則“ affidavit‖是更準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá),當(dāng)然該詞也解作“誓章”、“宣誓書”。