【正文】
…… 都要按時重現(xiàn)、再認(rèn),這樣進(jìn)行多次的重復(fù)不但能形成長時間的記憶而且效果較好。 (三)詞匯教學(xué)中應(yīng)注重的幾個方面 ? 注重語音教學(xué) ? 注重詞的外延與內(nèi)涵 ? 注重詞的搭配: ? 注重詞的呈現(xiàn) ? 5 、注重中西方文化差異 ? 6 、注重詞匯教學(xué)的時機(jī) ? 7 、注重對詞匯的及時復(fù)習(xí)及檢測 ? 注重在課堂上注入時代氣息的新詞 注重詞的外延與內(nèi)涵 ? woman的語義特征為: female, human,adult;詞的內(nèi)涵意義,是詞的附加意義或聯(lián)想意義。這種附加意義是人們對該詞或短語所指的人或事物所持有的特殊情感或態(tài)度。例如,句子“ The rugby team played like women.‖就反映了一些人對woman的認(rèn)識:柔弱、缺乏男子漢的力量和速度等。 Find out the Chinese meanings of the following phrases ? Find out the Chinese meanings of the following phrases: ? ( 1) black tea ____________________ ? ( 2) green hills ____________________ ? ( 3) black and blue ____________________ ? ( 4) brown bread ____________________ ? ( 5) a green hand ____________________ ? ( 6) a blue Monday ____________________ ? ( 7) white sale ____________________ ? ( 8) white elephant ____________________ ? ( 9) white lie ____________________ ? ( 10) red flag ____________________ 注重詞的搭配: ? ( 1)語法搭配,比如: look for, worry about, believe in, enjoy doing sth, want to do sth。 ? ( 2)習(xí)慣搭配,比如: tell a story/a lie/the truth,而不能表達(dá)為 say/speak a story,strong tea不能說成 powerful tea, strong wind, heavy rain等等,英語中的語多搭配是約定俗成的,學(xué)生學(xué)會運(yùn)用即可。 注重中西方文化差異 ? hero,中國詞典對“ hero‖解釋為:有遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù),不畏艱難,為國家為民族作出重大貢獻(xiàn)的人;武藝高強(qiáng),勇猛過人的人,像民族英雄,戰(zhàn)斗英雄等。 ? 《 朗文當(dāng)代高級英語辭典 》 對 hero則定義為:( 1) a man who is admired for doing something extremely brave。 ( 2)Someone you admire very much for their intelligence, skill etc ? dog一詞,在英語國有被看作人類的朋友,甚至家庭中的一員,狗給人的印象是 faithful和 friendly。這種情感體現(xiàn)在眾多與“狗”有關(guān)的英語表達(dá)上,如“ Love me, love my dog.‖ ―Every dog has his day.‖等;但在我國文化中,“狗”的內(nèi)涵意義通常是貶義的。 ? 如:資本家的乏走狗,痛打落水狗,狗腿子,狗仗人勢等等 ? 此外,還要關(guān)注英漢兩種語言在詞語組合上的不同順序:水陸 land and water;新舊 old and new;飲食 eat and drink;貧富 rich and poor;遲早 soon and later;死活 life and death;水火 fire and water;輕重 light and and heavy;左右 right and left;冷熱 hot and gold;寒暑 heat and cold;前后 back and forth;南北 north and south; 注重詞匯教學(xué)的時機(jī) ? 單元詞匯不應(yīng)在課前集中教學(xué),是要根據(jù)活動或任務(wù)的需要分步進(jìn)行教學(xué)。這樣有助于分散難點(diǎn),突出重點(diǎn)。比如,聽力中的詞匯應(yīng)在聽力練習(xí)過程中教學(xué),閱讀中的詞匯要在閱讀過程中處理 注重詞的呈現(xiàn) How would you present it? hospital ? 1. 教師將 hospital寫在黑板上,將“醫(yī)院”寫在單詞旁邊。指著單詞說, Say after me, hospital. 然后指著中文說, hospital的意思是“醫(yī)院”。 ? 2. 教師將一張醫(yī)院的圖片貼在黑板上,指著圖片對學(xué)生說, Look, it’s a hospital. Say after me, hospital. ? 3. 教師將 hospital一詞寫在黑板上,對學(xué)生說, Listen, a hospital is a place. Doctors work in a hospital, nurses work in a hospital too. What is a hospital? 學(xué)生回答,“醫(yī)院”。 結(jié)合上述案例,重看前面提到的呈現(xiàn)單詞意義的十種方式,思考并下列問題: ? 1)這些呈現(xiàn)方式各有什么利弊 ? ? 2)有沒有哪些方法是特別適合呈現(xiàn)某一 類單詞的 ? ? 3)有沒有哪些方法是特別適合哪一個學(xué)段 的學(xué)生的 ? ? 4)在選擇單詞呈現(xiàn)方式時 , 你需要考慮哪 ? 些因素 ? 在選擇單詞呈現(xiàn)方式時,教師們需要考慮: 1) 目標(biāo)詞匯本身的特點(diǎn) , 如是具體事物還是抽 象概念; 2) 學(xué)生的知識水平 , 如是否具有理解英文解釋 的知識和技能基礎(chǔ); 3) 學(xué)生的年齡 , 如對低齡學(xué)生更適于用實(shí)物 、 圖片 、 動作 、 表情等呈現(xiàn)單詞 , 而高年 級的學(xué)生則易于接受比較抽象的語言解釋 。 4)準(zhǔn)備工作所需要的投入。為呈現(xiàn)一個單詞而 投入太多的時間和精力去準(zhǔn)備材料顯然也不 現(xiàn)實(shí)。 成功呈現(xiàn)示例 教師在黑板上寫上一個學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)過的單詞 want,問學(xué)生 , What word is this? 學(xué)生說 ,Want. 老師說, Good, it’s want. 接著,老師將字母 t擦去,指著 wan問學(xué)生, How do you say this? 學(xué)生回答, / /. 老師在wan前面加了一個字母 s,指著 swan問學(xué)生,Now how do you say this word? 學(xué)生回答, Swan. 老師說, Excellent. It’s swan. But what is a swan? 學(xué)生沉默,這時,老師拿出一張?zhí)禊Z的圖片貼在單詞 swan旁邊,指著圖中的天鵝說, Look, this is a swan. 注重對詞匯的及時復(fù)習(xí)及檢測 ? ( 1)課后要及時布置有關(guān)詞匯的作業(yè) ? ( 2)詞匯聽寫。 ? ( 3)詞匯階段檢測 ? ( 4)詞的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 詞的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 選詞填空題 題型簡介 短文填空題就是非選擇題的完形填空題 , 在近幾年的各地中考中主要有以下幾種形式 : 一是給出詞語 ,然后選用最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~ ,且用其適當(dāng)形式填空 . 二是在文章空白處填上恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~ ,有的有首字母提示 . 三是在文章空白后有一個單詞 ,作適當(dāng)變化后填空 . 無論哪種形式 ,都是考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用語言知識的能力 .針對今年中考,我們主要學(xué)習(xí)第一種選詞填空題。 How to stay happy? one, he ,good, foot, look, by, with, think, something,worry, hand,worse,sad, happy The day was like the other day in his life. Tom walked past the shop on the street corner. He stopped1 ____ at the front row of shoes, and he was happy to see that the pair of shoes he wanted very much were still there. Looking down, he felt sorry for 2_______He really wanted to have them for his birthday. to look himself He walked away3 ____ and thought how to tell his mother about it. He knew she would give him4 _______he liked if she could. But he also knew very well she had little money. He decided not to go home at5____, as he looked6 ______ and his mother would notice it. So he went to the park and sat on the grass . Then he saw a boy in a wheel chair. He noticed that the boy moved the chair 7 ___ his hands. sadly anything once worried with one, he ,good, foot, look, by, with,think something,worry, hand,worse,sad, happy one, he ,good, foot, look, by, with,think something,worry, hand,worse,sad, happy Tom looked at him carefully and was surprised to see the boy had no 8 looked at his own feet. ―It’smuch9______to be without shoes than without feet ,‖he thought. There was no reason for him to feel sorry and sad. He went away and smiled,10 ______ he was happier. feet better thinking ( 副詞修飾動詞) eg. He is singing a song happily. (連系動詞后用形容詞) eg. The soup tastes delicious. (動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語) eg. There are many teachers here, listening to us. 常見詞性變化 ? 動詞 eg. lookto look, thinkthinking ? 形容詞 .副詞 eg. sadsadly, goodbetter ? 名詞 eg. footfeet ? 代詞 eg. hehimself ? 數(shù)詞 eg. oneonce/first 時態(tài) .語態(tài)及非謂語動詞等形式 詞性互換及等級變化或其反義詞 單復(fù)數(shù)及所有格的變化 主格與賓格 .形容詞性與名詞性物主代詞 . 反身代詞 , 不定代詞的變化 基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞或其他詞類的變化 How to deal with problems? what, face, pare, physics, poor, how, regard,look,succeed,change,develop, with. Rich or 1 , young or old, we all have problems. And unless we deal with our problems, we can easily bee