氣候系統(tǒng)的水循環(huán)ppt課件-資料下載頁
2025-05-12 03:28本頁面
【正文】 ecision needed to predict transient climate variations and decadaltocentennial climate trends. Hydrometeorology Demonstrate skill in predicting changes in water resources and soil moisture on time scales up to seasonal and annual as an integral part of the climate system. Modeling and Prediction Develop accurate global model formulation of the energy and water budget and demonstrate predictability of their variability and response to climate forcing. GEWEX projects are anized by their relationship to the following three research focus areas: Radiation Determine atmospheric and surface radiation fluxes and heating with the precision needed to predict transient climate variations and decadaltocentennial climate trends. Hydrometeorology Demonstrate skill in predicting changes in water resources and soil moisture on time scales up to seasonal and annual as an integral part of the climate system. Modeling and Prediction Develop accurate global model information on the energy and water budget and demonstrate predictability of their variability and response to climate forcing. The activities under each research foci are coordinated and guided by their respective panels: GEWEX Radiation Panel (GRP) Guides GEWEX radiation projects in determining the radiation budget and fluxes in the atmosphere and at the surface, as an element of seasonaltointerannual climate variability, and the response of the climate system on decadaltocentennial time scales to changes in anthropogenic forcing. GEWEX Hydrometeorology Panel (GHP) Coordinates the plans and the focus of scientific issues related to the development and implementation of the ContinentalScale Experiments (CSEs) and has oversight of all GEWEX hydrometeorology and landsurface projects. The principal task of the GHP is to guide these projects in the goal of achieving demonstrable skill in predicting changes in water resources and soil moisture as an integral part of the climate system up to seasonal and annual time scales. GEWEX Modeling and Prediction Panel (GMPP) Oversees development and improvement of cloud and landsurface parameterization schemes of GEWEX Modeling and Prediction Projects to ensure their successful integration into global circulation models (GCMs). 增暖背景下水循環(huán)發(fā)生變化的事實(shí) 環(huán)北極冰蓋的變化 來自 NASA， 2022 1989年 2022年 西支冰舌末端告別東支冰川的水平距離達(dá)到了45m（楊惠安等， 2022）；2022年一號(hào)冰川的東支發(fā)現(xiàn)一 30m2的冰面湖，與夏季的冰雪融化有關(guān) （李忠勤， 2022） 。 烏魯木齊河源一號(hào)冰川 —— 區(qū)域水環(huán)境對(duì)全球增暖響應(yīng)的一個(gè)典型例子 ?水文學(xué)： 水文氣象學(xué)、地表水文學(xué)和地下水文學(xué)。 ?地表水文學(xué)： 海洋水文學(xué)和陸地水文學(xué)。 ?陸地水文學(xué)： 河流水文學(xué)、湖泊水文學(xué)、沼澤水文學(xué)、冰川水文學(xué)等。 ?河流水文學(xué)： 水文測(cè)驗(yàn)學(xué)、河流動(dòng)力學(xué)、實(shí)驗(yàn)水文學(xué)、水文分析和計(jì)算、水文預(yù)報(bào)。 ?另外，還有工程水文學(xué)，是水文學(xué)應(yīng)用于工程建設(shè)的技術(shù)科學(xué)。 水體的循環(huán)恢復(fù)周期 : T=W/Q T— 循環(huán)恢復(fù)周期， d(天 ) W—— 水體體積， km3 Q— 單位時(shí)間進(jìn)入水體的交換量， km3/d 我國(guó)地下水的交換周期是 81天， 湖泊水的交換周期是 16天。 水文學(xué)的分支 需要掌握的內(nèi)容 掌握水循環(huán)的基本過程（全球水循環(huán)示意圖） 了解地表和大氣水分循環(huán)主要過程的計(jì)算 掌握水循環(huán)在全球變化中的作用 掌握地表、大氣能量循環(huán)的基本過程 了解當(dāng)前相關(guān)研究的進(jìn)展 總結(jié) 謝謝大家！
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