【正文】
的 ? Affixes 詞綴 ? Definition: Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. ? Affix inflectional affixes 曲折詞綴 ? derivational affixes 派生詞綴 ? inflectional affixes 曲折詞綴 (P14) ? 曲折詞綴只表達一定的語法范疇,是詞的語法功能的標記。 ? It does not form a new word with new lexical meaning when it is added to another word. ? 曲折詞綴大致只有以下幾種: ? 1. plural marker 復(fù)數(shù)標記 ? 2. genitive case 所有格 ? 3. the verbal ending 動詞時態(tài)詞綴 ? 4. –er and –est 比較級與最高級標記 ? derivational affixes 派生詞綴 ? derivational affixes prefixes 前綴 ? suffixes 后綴 ? 注意: ? 不少派生詞綴不止一個意思 ? 有些派生詞綴帶有感情色彩 ? example ? de means: ? 1. to undo what has been done, to reverse the action of ? eg. decentralize, decode ? 2. to remove ? eg. to debone ? 3. to reduce ? Eg. devalue ? 4. ing from sth. else (esp. in grammar) ? Eg. a deverbal noun ? 帶有感情色彩的詞綴,例如: ? mis, mal, pseudo 含貶義,如: ? misunderstand, maltreat ? ish 也帶有貶義,比如: ? Bookish, selfish ? Some interesting affixes ? nik (P19) ? in ? manship ? super ? Classification of words on a morphemic level 詞素層面詞語的分類 ? Words can be divided into : ? 1. simple words 簡單詞 ? 2. derived words 派生詞 ? 3. pound words 合成詞