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【正文】 e Descent of Man shook the traditional faith, everything is created by GodUtilitarianism 功利主義 was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the mon people Charles Dickens one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age Characterportrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his worksA mingling of humor and pathos 悲傷 A Tale of Two Cities Oliver Twist The Bronte Sisters Charlotte, Emily amp。 AnneEmily, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature. Jane Eyre Wuthering Heights Alfred Tennyson invents dramatic monologue, Poet Laureate 桂冠詩人 , a real artist Break, Break, Break the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves Crossing the Bar we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife. 39。Crossing the bar39。 means leaving this world and entering the next world Ulysses not endure the peaceful monplace everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue, 39。Myself not least, but honour39。d of them all39。 means I am not the least important, but honoured by all of them Robert Browning the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue The Ring and the Book his masterpiece My Last Duchess this dramatic monologue is the duke39。s speech addressed to the agent who es to negotiate the marriage, the duke is a selfconceited, cruel and tyrannical man Meeting at Night Parting at Morning Gee Eliot:As a woman of exceptional 特有的 intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women Middlemarch a sharp contrast is set between the cold, lifeless, dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigor Thomas Hardy both a naturalistic and a critical realist writerLocalcolored, Wessex, 39。novels of character and environment39。 Tess of the D39。Urbervilles experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration American Romantic Period Started with Washington Irving39。s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman39。s Leaves of Grass, also called 39。the American Renaissance39。Free expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to nature New England Transcendentalism Washington Irving father of the American short stories, the American Goldsmith Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced First novel A History of New York The Sketch Book contains German folk tales Rip Van , The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Ralph Waldo Emerson the spokesman of New England Transcendentalism movement The American Scholar, Self Reliance, The OverSoul The Poet a reflection upon the aesthetic problems in terms of the present state of literature in America Experience a discussion about the conflict between idealism and ordinary lifeAmerican Puritanism, European Romanticism, intuitive knowledge, oversoul, individual, nature Nature is regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism Nathaniel Hawthorne Interior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity The Scarlet Letter Young Goodman Brown Walt Whitman Openness, freedom, individualism I me, my nation (society), Free verse, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing) A new ideal, a new world, a new lifestyle There Was a Child Went Forth how a child is greatly influenced by his growing environments Cavalry Crossing a Ford a scene of the American Civil War, all the movements described in this picture are frozen. Song of Myself Whitman is a man bubbling with energy and laden with ideas, spontaneous expression of his original ideas Herman Melville a master of allegory and symbolism, like HawthorneMobyDick the first American prose epic, Ishmael both as a character and a narrator, the captain, Ahab is a monomaniac Realistic period the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, people39。s attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence Local colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyond man39。s control Mark Twain the true father of American literature Local colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, 39。the damned human race39。 The Gilded Age 3 boyhood books Life on the Mississippi, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Huck39。s inner conflict about whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is. Henry James international theme, psychological realistStream of consciousness, interior monologue, free association Daisy Miller the narrator is an American expatriate, named Winterbourne. Daisy is the most innocent girl. The clash is between two different cultures. Emily Dickinson Based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys This is my letter to the World express Dickinson39。s anxiety about her munication with the outside world. I heard a Fly buzz when I died deIscript/Iion of a moment of death I like to see it lap the Miles Dickinson makes the train part of nature by animalizing it, like a horse. Because I could not stop for Death personify death and immortality so as to make her message strongly felt Theodore Dreiser America39。s literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological amp。 environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire The Financier, The Titan, The Stoic Sister Carrie 39。who shall cast the first stone?39。 The modern period the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorder