傳感器與檢測技術(shù)中英文獻-資料下載頁
2024-10-27 13:22本頁面
【導讀】傳感器是一種把被測量轉(zhuǎn)換為光的、機械的或者更平常的電信號的裝置。量轉(zhuǎn)換的過程稱之為換能。按照轉(zhuǎn)換原理和測量形式對傳感器進行分類。被歸為電阻式位移傳感器。**的分類如壓力波紋管、壓力膜和壓力閥等。除特例外，大多數(shù)的傳感器都由敏感元件、轉(zhuǎn)換元件或控制元件組成。作出響應把物理量轉(zhuǎn)變成位移。然后位移可以改變電參數(shù)，如電壓、電阻、電容。機械式和電子式元件合并形成機電式傳感設(shè)備或傳感器。組合可用來輸入能量信號。熱的，光的，磁的和化學的相互結(jié)合產(chǎn)生的熱電式、光電式、電磁式和電化學式傳感器。實際中，傳感器的靈敏度是已知
【正文】 red region and is, therefore , most suitable for flamefailure detection and temperature measurement. 頻率的有效范圍由所用材料決定。硫化鎘主要適用于可見光，硫化鉛在紅外線區(qū)有峰值響應，所以最適合于光故障檢測以及溫度測量。 Photoemissive Cells 放射性元件 When light strikes the cathode of the photoemissive cell are given sufficient energy to arrive the cathode. The positive anode attracts these electrons, producing a current which flows through resistor R and resulting in an output voltage V. 當光照射到放射性光元件的 陰極時，電子就會獲取足夠能量到達陰極。陰極就會吸收這些電子產(chǎn)生一個通過電阻 R的電流，從而形成一輸出電壓 V。 Photoelectrically generated voltage V= Where Ip=photoelectric current(A),and photoelectric current Ip= Where Kt=sensitivity (A/im),and B=illumination input (lumen) Although the output voltage does give a good indication of the magnitude of illumination, the cells are more often used for counting or control purpose, where the light striking the cathode can be interrupted. 產(chǎn)生的光電壓 V=， I為光發(fā)射電流， I=， B輸入照度（ lm） 盡管輸出電壓能夠表示照明的強度，這類元件卻更多的應用 于計算或調(diào)節(jié)，這里照射到陰極的光可被中斷。 Capacitive Transducers 電容式傳感器 The capacitance can thus made to vary by changing either the relative permittivity, the effective area, or the distance separating the plates. The characteristic curves indicate 031040903 Hlsy 10 that variations of area and relative permittivity give a linear relationship only over a small range of spacings. Thus the sensitivity is high for small values of d. Unlike the potentionmeter, the variabledistance capacitive transducer has an infinite resolution making it most suitable for measuring small increments of displacement or quantities which may be changed to produce a displacement. 電容量隨著相對介電常數(shù)、截面面積、或者極板間的距離的變化而變化。電容的特征曲線表明，在空間的一段范圍內(nèi)，截面面積和相對介電常數(shù)的變化與電容量變化成線性關(guān)系。不象電位器，變極距型電容傳感器有無限的分辨率，這最適合測量微小的位移增量的位移。 Inductive Transducers 電感式傳感器 The inductance can thus be made to vary by changing the reluctance of the inductive circuit. 電感可以通過改變電感電路的阻抗來調(diào)節(jié)。 Measuring techniques used with capacitive and inductive transducers: a) . excited bridges using differential capacitors inductors. b) . potentiometer circuits for dynamic measurements. c) . circuits to give a voltage proportional to velocity for a capacitor. d) Frequencymodulation methods, where the change of C or L varies the frequency of an oscillation circuit. 電容式和電感式傳感器的測量技術(shù)： a） 用差分式電容或電感作為交流電橋 b）用交流電位計電路做動態(tài)測量 c）用直流電路為電容器提供正比于容值變化的電壓 d）采用調(diào)頻法， C 或者 L隨著振蕩電路頻率的變化而改變 Important features of capacitive and inductive transducers are as follows: i) resolution infinite ii) accuracy+ % of full scale is quoted iii) displacement ranges 25*106 m to 103m iv) rise time less than 50us possible Typical measurands are displacement, pressure, vibration, sound, and liquid level. 傳感器與檢測技術(shù) 031040903 李 素妍 11 Hlsy： 20201012 電容式和電感式傳感器的一些重要特性如下： i)分辨率無限 ii） 精確到滿量程的 +% iii）位移范圍從 25*106m到 103m iv）上升時間小于 50us 典型的被測量是位移、壓力、振動量、聲音和液位 。 Linear Variabledifferential Ttransformer 線性調(diào)壓器 Piezoelectric Transducers 壓電式傳感器 Electromagic Transducers 電磁式傳感器 1 Thermoelectric Transducers 熱電式傳感器 1 Photoelectric Cells 光電管 1 Mechanical Transducers and Sensing Elements 機械式傳感器及光敏元件
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