傳感器與檢測技術(shù)中英文獻(已修改)
2024-11-12 13:22 本頁面
【正文】 2020 湖北民族學(xué)院 信息工程學(xué)院 031040903 李素妍 [傳感器與檢測技術(shù) ] 課程作業(yè) 指導(dǎo)老師：廖紅華 傳感器與檢測技術(shù) 031040903 李 素妍 1 Hlsy： 20201012 Basic knowledge of transducers A transducer is a device which converts the quantity being measured into an optical, mechanical, ormore monlyelectrical signal. The energyconversion process that takes place is referred to as transduction. 傳感器是一種把被測量轉(zhuǎn)換為光的、機械的或者更平常的電信號的裝置。能量轉(zhuǎn)換的過程稱之為換能。 Transducers are classified according to the transduction principle involved and the form of the measured. Thus a resistance transducer for measuring displacement is classified as a resistance displacement transducer. Other classification examples are pressure bellows, force diaphragm, pressure flappernozzle, and so on. 按照轉(zhuǎn)換原理和測量形式對傳感器進行分類。用來測量位移的電阻式傳感器被歸為電阻式位移傳感器。 **的分類如壓力波紋管、壓力膜和壓力閥等 。 Transducer Elements 傳感元件 Although there are exception ,most transducers consist of a sensing element and a conversion or control element. For example, diaphragms,bellows,strain tubes and rings, bourdon tubes, and cantilevers are sensing elements which respond to changes in pressure or force and convert these physical quantities into a displacement. This displacement may then be used to change an electrical parameter such as voltage, resistance, capacitance, or inductance. Such bination of mechanical and electrical elements form electromechanical transducing devices or transducers. Similar bination can be made for other energy input such as thermal. Photo, magic and chemical,giving thermoelectric, photoelectric,electromaaic, and electrochemical transducers respectively. 除特例外，大多數(shù)的傳感器都由敏感 元件、轉(zhuǎn)換元件或控制元件組成。如振動膜、波紋管、應(yīng)力管和應(yīng)力環(huán)、低音管和懸臂都是敏感元件，它們對壓力和力作出響應(yīng)把物理量轉(zhuǎn)變成位移。然后位移可以改變電參數(shù)，如電壓、電阻、電容或者感應(yīng)系數(shù)。機械式和電子式元件合并形成機電式傳感設(shè)備或傳感器。這樣的組合可用來輸入能量信號。熱的，光的，磁的和化學(xué)的相互結(jié)合產(chǎn)生的熱電式、光電式、電磁式和電化學(xué)式傳感器。 031040903 Hlsy 2 Transducer Sensitivity 傳感器靈敏度 The relationship between the measured and the transducer output signal is usually obtained by calibration tests and is referred to as the transducer sensitivity K1= outputsignal increment / measured increment . In practice, the transducer sensitivity is usually known, and, by measuring the output signal, the input quantity is determined from input= outputsignal increment / K1. 通過校正測量系統(tǒng)獲得的被測物理量和傳感器輸出信號的關(guān)系叫做傳感器靈敏度 K1，也就是 K1=輸出信號增量 /測量增量。實際中，傳感器的靈敏度是已知的，并且通過測量輸出 信號，輸入量由下式?jīng)Q定，輸入量 =輸出信號增量 /K1。 Characteristics of an Ideal Transducer 理想傳感器的特性 The high transducer should exhibit the following characteristics a) high fidelitythe transducer output waveform shape be a faithful reproduction of the measured。 there should be minimum distortion. b) There should be minimum interference with the quantity being measured。 the presence of the transducer should not alter the measured in any way. c) Size. The transducer must be capable of being placed exactly where it is needed. d) There should be a linear relationship between the measured and the transducer signal. e) The transducer should have minimum sensitivity to external
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