八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)112單元語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)北師大版-資料下載頁(yè)
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【正文】 0。 注意事項(xiàng): A. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài),重點(diǎn)表達(dá)目前的結(jié)果和狀態(tài)。 B. 表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在用for + 時(shí)間段, since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用。對(duì)for與since短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用how long。 C. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)從不與when引起的疑問(wèn)句聯(lián)用。 D. have been to：去過(guò)… have gone to：去了… have been in：呆在… E. 短暫性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞： buy have hadborrow have kept make friends have been friends join have been in / have been a member of bee have been a member die have been deadget to know have known e/go to do have done catch a cold have had a cold begin/start to do have done begin / start have been on enter / e / arrive / get to / reach have been in/at go / leave for / set off / set out have been away from10. since，for在現(xiàn)在完成（進(jìn)行）時(shí)中的用法差異(1) since 后接過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句。He has been an English teacher since three years ago.We have known each other since we came to study in this university.(2) for后接時(shí)間段。 He has lived here for three years.11. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以來(lái)他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里） He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在這里。（并不涉及他現(xiàn)在是否住在這里）Unit 10 It’s a nice day, isn’t?1. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事2. look through 瀏覽 a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿過(guò)一條繁忙的街道 （穿過(guò)表面） go through 穿過(guò)（空間/房間/森林等） go past 經(jīng)過(guò)/路過(guò)4. think of 想起、認(rèn)為 5.e along 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生 ，跟著來(lái)6.be friendly to sb. 對(duì)某人友好7. get along/on … with sb. 與某人相處的…8. have a birthday party 舉辦一個(gè)生日聚會(huì)9. at least 至少（反義：at most） 10. at the school dining room 在學(xué)校的餐廳里11. a thankyou note 感謝信 careful （not） to do sth. 小心（不）做某事 like doing=want to do sth. 想做某事 like to do sth./like doing sth. 喜歡做某事would like to do=want to do想要做某事 like sb. to do想要某人做某事feel like …. hope so. 我希望如此。so為代詞，用來(lái)表示贊同前面所提及的內(nèi)容。除了hope以外，還有think，believe，suppose，be afraid等，可與so連用。如：Do you think it will rain this afternoon? 你認(rèn)為下午會(huì)下雨嗎？I think/believe/suppose/hope/am afraid so. 我想/相信/猜/希望/恐怕會(huì)。注意：用來(lái)表示不贊同前面所提及的內(nèi)容，有兩種不同的方法，不可混用。如：I don’t think so. 我不這么想。I hope/suppose/am afraid not. 我希望/猜/恐怕不會(huì)這樣。15. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有像你這樣的一些朋友，使得我在新的地方很快就適應(yīng)了。16. 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, little等否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。例如：Some plants never blown （開(kāi)花）, do they ? 有些植物從不開(kāi)花，對(duì)嗎？You have never been to Beijing, have you? ( never表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)She has few friends, does she? (few表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)Tom had little work to do, did he? (little表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)You can hardly do the work, can you? (hardly表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)Let’s go home, shall we? Don’t be late again/Let us go home, will you?(祈使句用will you。但Let’s開(kāi)頭的用shall we):（一） 含義：當(dāng)對(duì)所陳述的某種情況不確定而反問(wèn)對(duì)方時(shí)，常用反意疑問(wèn)句表達(dá)。（二） 反義疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：“陳述句+簡(jiǎn)略疑問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成，一般分成兩種情況： 前部分肯定陳述句+后部分否定疑問(wèn)句；前部分否定陳述句+后部分肯定疑問(wèn)句；（三） 使用反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)： 前后部分要在人稱上保持一致；（或動(dòng)詞要保持一致）（和一般疑問(wèn)句的回答一樣，但要注意中文翻譯）——You aren’t a student,are you? 你不是學(xué)生，是嗎？——Yes,I am./No,I am not. 不，我是。/是的，我不是。但也有一些反意疑問(wèn)句的反意疑問(wèn)部分比較特殊，它們有: 1. I am…, aren’t I? …, will you? 3. Let us …, will you ? 4. Let’s …, shall we ?等句式。在補(bǔ)寫(xiě)時(shí)，要多加小心，以免發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤。 10用心 愛(ài)心
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