【正文】 s：A great life A glorious death毛主席用下面的話表彰劉胡蘭：生的偉大，死的光榮。3)有時為了避免重復(fù)提到過的名詞，常可用that或those代替。如：The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈陽的氣候跟北京的一樣好。(that代替climate)The county39。s grain output of 1981 was double that of 。(that代替grain output)Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in 。(those代替television sets)4)This和that有時作狀語用，表示程度，意謂這么和那么。如：The book is about this 。I don39。t want that 。It指人時亦用作指示代詞。指示代詞it在漢語中不必譯出。如：Who is it?――it39。s ?是我。Oh, it39。s you，Lao ，是你呀，老王。Such和same也是指示代詞，其單、復(fù)數(shù)的形式相同。它們在句中可用作：1)定語The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city 。We are not talking about the same 。[注] such作定語時，它所修飾的名詞之前如有不定冠詞，這個不定冠詞應(yīng)放在Such之后，如上面第一例。2)相當于名詞，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等成分。Such were his 。(作主語)The same can be said of the Other 。(作主語)Take from the drawer such as you ，就從抽屜里拿吧。(作賓語)His name and mine are the 。(作表語)[注]注意在same之前一般須用定冠詞the。疑問代詞概說疑問代詞有who(誰，主格)，whom(誰，賓格)，whose(誰的，所有格)，what(什么)和which(哪個，哪些)等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中疑問代詞一般都放在句首，并在句中作為某一句子成分。如：Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天誰來跟我們講話?(who作主語)Who told you so?是誰告訴你的?(who作主語)Whom are you talking about ?你們在說誰?(whom作賓語，但在句首時口語常用who代替whom)Whose umbrella is this ?這是誰的傘?(whose作定語)What is that? 那是什么?(what作表語)What did he say?他說什么?(what作賓語)Which is yours，the blue pen or the redone?藍筆和紅筆哪一支是你的?(which作主語)[注一]關(guān)于疑問代詞的各種用法。[注二]疑問代詞who，what，which等后面加單詞ever，可強調(diào)語氣，表達說話人的各種感情。如：What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找誰?[注三]which表示在一定范圍之內(nèi)的選擇，what則沒有這種限制。如：What do you usually have for lunch?你們午飯通常吃些什么?Which do you like best?你最喜歡哪一個?Which of you rades e from the Northeast? 你們同志們中間誰是東北人?疑問代詞可以引導(dǎo)一個間接疑問句間接疑問句在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語等。疑問代詞本身在間接疑問句中又擔任一定的句子成分。如：Who will be in charge of the work is still not ，現(xiàn)在還沒有決定。(疑問代詞who引導(dǎo)一個主語從句，它本身又在從句中用作主語。)Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字嗎?(疑問代詞what引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句，而它本身又在從句中用作表語。)[注一] what所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(即主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句) 有時不是間接疑問句。如：What he says is quite 。(what相當于that which。它引導(dǎo)一個主語從句，這個從句不是間接疑問句。)Children do what the nurse tells them to 。(what引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句，這個從句也不是間接疑問句。)[注二] whatever，whoever，whichever等詞可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。這些名詞性從句也不是間接疑問句。whatever，whoever，whichever也可引導(dǎo)表示讓步的狀語從句。)如：They eat whatever they can 。(whatever引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語。)I39。ve got plenty of books wants an extra copy can get one from ，誰還想再要一本可來拿。(whoever引導(dǎo)一個主語從句，并在從句中作主語。)關(guān)系代詞兩種可用來引導(dǎo)從句并將從句和主句連接起來的代詞這樣的代詞一方面在從句中用作句子成分，可作主語、賓語、定語等；另一方面又起連詞的作用。這樣的代詞有關(guān)系代詞和疑問代詞兩種。(關(guān)于疑問代詞，)關(guān)系代詞概說關(guān)系代詞有who，whose，whom，that，which等，用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。它們在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語或表語；另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞(這樣的名詞和代詞叫做先行詞)。如：The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist和布朗先生談話的那個人是個眼科大夫。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中用作土語，它的先行詞是man)He is the rade whom you have been looking for他就是你要找的那位同志。(關(guān)系代詞whom在從句中作賓語，它的先行詞是rade，whom在口語中一般可省去)The old man whose son is in the navy used to be 。(關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語，先行詞為man)The film which I saw last night is about a young 。(關(guān)系代詞which在從句中用作賓語，先行詞為film, which在口語中可省略)This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the 。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中用作主語，先行詞為plane)不定代詞概說不是指明代替任何特定名詞(或形容詞)的代詞叫做不定代詞。不定代詞有：some 一些(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))somebody 某人someone 某人something某物，某事any一些，任何(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))anybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事物no 無(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))nobody無人no one無一人nothing無物all全體，全部both兩個neither沒有人或物(指兩個當中)none沒有人或物(指兩個以上)either任何一個(指兩個當中)each每個every每個everybody每人，大家，人人everyone每人everything每一個事物，一切other (s)另一個(些)another另外一個，又一個much很多(不可數(shù))many很多(可數(shù))few很少(可數(shù))a few一些，幾個(可數(shù))little很少(不可數(shù))a little一些(不可數(shù))one一個(人或物)不定代詞的用法不定代詞大都可代替名詞和形容詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語和定語。如：1)用作主語Both of them are 。Is everybody here?人都到了嗎?2)用作賓語I know little about the novel關(guān)于這本小說我知道的很少。I am speaking for myself，not for ，不代表別人發(fā)言。I was interested in everything that the old man told 。3)用作表語That39。s all for today. class is ?，F(xiàn)在下課。This book is too much for 。4)用作定語Study well and make progress every ，天天向上。He has some English 。china will bee a powerful modern country in another twenty 。[注]有些不定代詞也可用作同位語和狀語。如：Wang and Li both made good 。(同位語)They all went to the 。(同位語)Are you any good at mathematics?你數(shù)學(xué)好嗎?(狀語)The meeting lasted some two 。(狀語)復(fù)合不定代詞由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞，叫做復(fù)合不定代詞。1)復(fù)合不定代詞有a) somebody 某人 someone某人something某物，某事b) anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人anything任何事物c) nobody 無一人no one無一人nothing [5nQWiN]無一物d)everybody，everyone每人，大家，人人everything每一個事物，一切2)復(fù)合不定代詞的用法a)復(fù)合不定代詞只相當于名詞，在句中用作主語、賓語和表語。如：Everything is made of 。(作主語)I have got nothing to 。(作賓語)something和anything的區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別一樣，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中。如：Have you anythi