【正文】 Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors. 地震是由許多因子引起的。So, finding one allpurpose warning sign is impossible. 因此，找到一種通用的預(yù)警信號(hào)是不可能的。1Challenge assumptions. 挑戰(zhàn)假設(shè)Reserve the assumptions you make about problems. 記下你對(duì)于每個(gè)問題所做展開的設(shè)想。List the assumptions and write the opposite. 將這些設(shè)想與對(duì)其立面一一羅列。Henry Ford challenged the practice of having workers go to where building materials were kept, in order to build cars, by creating a system that brought the materials to the workers instead. 亨利福特挑戰(zhàn)了了汽車制造過程中的常規(guī)做法，創(chuàng)新了一種汽車裝配系統(tǒng)，將所有的零配件的生產(chǎn)分配到每個(gè)工人手中，而不是像過去那樣單純將工人們領(lǐng)進(jìn)堆滿零配件的廠房里。With this reversal, the assembly line was born.正是因?yàn)槿绱四孓D(zhuǎn)，生產(chǎn)流水線就這樣誕生了。1Nowadays, we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalization, acpanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined, and many dialects and traditions are being extinct.如今，我們聽到了不少有關(guān)全球化的威脅在不斷增長的說法，還聽到了這樣的警告：豐富多彩的地方生活方式正在遭到破壞，許多方言和傳統(tǒng)正在消亡。But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalization is bringing. 但是，靜下心來，考慮一下全球化帶來的許多有利之處。Read on and you are bound to feel forted, ready to face the global future, which is surely inevitable now. 繼續(xù)思考下去，你肯定會(huì)覺得有所慰藉，樂于面對(duì)全球化的未來——現(xiàn)在看來，這種未來不可避免。Consider the Internet, that prime example of our shrinking world. 想一想因特網(wǎng)這個(gè)使我們這個(gè)世界變小的絕好例子。Leaving aside the alltofamiliar worries about pornography and political extremism, even the most narrowminded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits, not just in terms of education, the sector for which it was originally designed, but more importantly on a global level, the spread of news and ment. 撇開人們對(duì)色情文學(xué)和政治極端化的普遍擔(dān)憂，就連最目光短淺的人都肯定承認(rèn)：因特網(wǎng)給我們帶來了不可估量的利益，不只是在教育方面——因特網(wǎng)最初就是為教育設(shè)計(jì)的，更重要的是全球范圍內(nèi)信息和觀念的傳播。It will be increasingly difficult for politicians to maintain their regimes of misinformation, as the oppressed will not only find support and fort, but also be able to organize themselves more effectively. 對(duì)于政治家來說，要想維持他們誤傳的政權(quán)將會(huì)越來越困難，因?yàn)楸粔浩日邔⒉粌H得到支持與安慰，而且能夠更有效地組織自己。MTV is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing popular culture on the unsuspecting millions around the world. 　 音樂電視是另一個(gè)全球性的傳播物——因?yàn)樵谌澜鐢?shù)以百萬計(jì)沒有疑心的人中強(qiáng)行推廣流行文化而經(jīng)常受到批評(píng)。Yet the viewers39。 judgment on MTV is undoubtedly positive。 it is regarded as indispensable by most of the global teenage generation who watch it, a vital part of growing up. 不過，毫無疑問，觀眾對(duì)音樂電視的看法還是肯定的。全世界看過音樂電視的大多數(shù)青少年——正在成長的主要群體——都認(rèn)為音樂電視絕對(duì)必要。And in the final analysis, what harm can a few songs and videos cause? 總而言之，幾首歌和幾部錄像能夠造成怎樣的損害?Is the world dominance of brands like Nike and CocaCola so bad for us when all is said and done? 在該說的都說了、該采取的行動(dòng)也采取了時(shí)，像耐克和可口可樂這樣的世界主導(dǎo)品牌就會(huì)對(duì)我們有害嗎？Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when pared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time heroin and cocaine, for example.同許多其他更長時(shí)期內(nèi)在全世界都可得到的產(chǎn)品相比——比如海洛因和可卡因，運(yùn)動(dòng)裝和不含酒精的飲料沒有害處。In any case, just because Nike shoes and Coke cans are for sale, it doesn39。t mean you have to buy them even globalization cannot deprive the individual of his free will. 無論如何，正是因?yàn)槟涂诉\(yùn)動(dòng)鞋和可樂易拉罐在待銷，所以并不意味著你非得購買它們不可——即使是全球化也不可能剝奪人們的自由意愿。Critics of globalization can stop issuing their doom and gloom statements.全球化的批評(píng)者可以停止發(fā)表他們的悲觀言論了。Life goes on, and has more to offer for many citizens of the world than it did for their parents39。 generation. 生活會(huì)繼續(xù)，生活將給予世界上許多人的樂趣比給予這些人的父輩的樂趣多。1A quality education is the ultimate liberator. 素質(zhì)教育是最根本的解放。It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. 它可以使人們擺脫貧困，賦予他們能力迅速改善他們的生活，從事社會(huì)中具有創(chuàng)造性的工作。It can also free munities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible. 它還可以使社會(huì)和國家解除負(fù)擔(dān)，使它們迅速跨入富裕與社會(huì)和睦的時(shí)期，而用別的方式是不可能達(dá)到這種效果的。For this reason, the international munity has mitted itself to getting all the world39。s children into primary school by 2015, a mitment known as Education for All. 因此，國際社會(huì)承諾：到二○一五年時(shí)，將讓世界上的所有兒童都上小學(xué)，這就是著名的“教育面向所有人”的承諾。Can education for all be achieved by 2015? 到二○一五年時(shí)，“教育面向所有人”的目標(biāo)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)嗎?The answer is definitely yes, although it is a difficult task. 盡管這是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，但回答肯定是“能夠”。If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully pleting a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge bees even more difficult. 如果我們現(xiàn)在根據(jù)孩子順利讀完最少五年的小學(xué)來評(píng)估該目標(biāo)，而不只是根據(jù)班級(jí)的注冊(cè)人數(shù)來評(píng)估該目標(biāo)——過去用于評(píng)估教育的方法，那么，這種挑戰(zhàn)就會(huì)更加艱難。Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. 以前，根據(jù)注冊(cè)率，只有三十二個(gè)國家被認(rèn)為面臨實(shí)現(xiàn)不了“教育面向所有人”目標(biāo)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。The number rises to 88 if pletion rates are used as the criterion. 如果把畢業(yè)率當(dāng)作評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，那么這個(gè)數(shù)字會(huì)上升為八十八個(gè)。Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international munity. 盡管如此，只要政策合適，國際社會(huì)又給予適當(dāng)?shù)脑撃繕?biāo)還是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary pletion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higherperforming systems. 如果八十八個(gè)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的國家使其教育體系的效率和質(zhì)量達(dá)到效率更高的體系所奉行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么，到二○一五年時(shí)，其中的五十九個(gè)國家就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)“所有孩子都能夠小學(xué)畢業(yè)”的目標(biāo)。They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. 這些國家也需要國際社會(huì)給予資金和技術(shù)方面的大力援助。The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. 如果沒有空前的發(fā)展速度，二十九個(gè)最落后的國家將不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)該目標(biāo)。But this is attainable with creative solutions, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty. 但是，如果有創(chuàng)造性的解決方法，這個(gè)目標(biāo)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)——包括使用信息技術(shù)，國際社會(huì)靈活、目的明確的援助以及更少的生活貧困的人們。A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country39。s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. 但是，如果有創(chuàng)造性的解決方法，這個(gè)目標(biāo)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)——包括使用信息技術(shù)，國際社會(huì)靈活、目的明確的援助以及更少的生活貧困的人們。Where a