【正文】 wards forms of production which, though they go through the motions of dispute and enquiry, do not break through the skin to where such enquiries might really hurt. 官方的機構（州、教會、志愿者協(xié)會、政黨），無論他們是否可能是善意的，都注重自己的既得利益，確保公眾的反應不是太激烈，注重自己在社會中的地位不被動搖，并極盡所能的對那些在大眾媒體中工作的人造成影響，使他們不知不覺為政府機構的生產形式而左右，盡管這些新聞從業(yè)者會走個討論、詢問的過場，但這并不會觸及到政府的關鍵之處。（或者這么翻譯：生活充滿了許多不管我們作為公民還是個人都必須做出決定的問題。It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral.這莫不如采石場中堆臥如山的頑石，你可信，他日將成筑造教堂之材。 that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs programme, Panoroma. 據我們所知，大眾媒體是迄今為止最好的啟迪民智的方式，比如在英國，時事節(jié)目“全景”（Panoroma）每一期都吸引了數百萬的觀眾。And cigarette price should be boosted.與此同時，香煙的價格應當提高。 Smoking is harmful to the health of people. 吸煙有害健康。 In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has bee more or less stabilized. 在一些發(fā)達國家，香煙消費或多或少已趨于穩(wěn)定。The new manmade fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good readymade clothes are cheap and plentiful. （另外，）新型的人造纖維織物比自然纖維的織物更耐磨，在大大節(jié)省了修補工作的同時，這些成衣更便宜且更方便批量化。That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, mending and sewing. 女人們確有可能如上所述，但是究其一生去做煮飯、修補和縫紉的活已經不再是一個女人所必須的了。s whole period of child bearing may occur within five years. 如此一來，一個女人用來照顧小孩得所有時間也就五年之內。s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions. 女人當主內（應當待家里）以及女人不應該外出工作，諸如上述傳統(tǒng)觀念在現(xiàn)如今的條件下將很難合理的維系。The behaviorists39。That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.我們所處的環(huán)境對我們能力、個性、行為（的塑造）甚至可能并沒有什么作用，而這一點正是“先天得之”論的核心。There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thoughts on the matter have developed. 然而這并沒有確切的答案（可言），但是基于這個問題的兩個思想流派已經發(fā)展起來。It39。它們給孩子們提供了家一樣的環(huán)境，充分自由的玩樂空間，任孩子們慢慢成長（字面：讓它們按照自己的步伐成長/發(fā)展），同時還培養(yǎng)了它們的社交能力。同時，相對于沒有收到重壓的同齡人，到學前教育結束之時，他們（已）難以維持最初在學業(yè)上的優(yōu)勢。Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the same thing.（一個小孩）聰明、語言表達能力（是否強）與（他）是否適齡入學似乎并不是一回事。另，有些翻譯仍然不夠通順，請見諒！^_^Put the following passage into Chinese: Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4yearold children are ready to take on formal learning. 早教的批評者援引有關4歲的小孩是否已經準備好接受正規(guī)學習的研究。 英語試題公共英語部分注：括號里面的文字的意思：，只是為了正片讀起來相對比較通順而已，省去括號里面的內容也可。Educators find that older toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers, whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail. 一些教育者們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些學步較晚的小孩更能勝任學校的功課，而那些較早學步的小孩反而不盡人意。 It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today’s children with inner maturity. 如今小孩身上表現(xiàn)出來沉著、老練與內在的成熟，這兩者很容易被混淆。 Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4yearolds in a formal educational setting. 對于將4歲小孩放入正式教育的這種做法，許多心理學家和教育家都持懷疑態(tài)度。But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now expected of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4yearolds.但是，它們也指出，以前許多在一年級才要求掌握的事情現(xiàn)在希望還在幼兒園的孩子也要學會，他們甚至還唯恐4歲的小孩知之過少（字面：他們唯恐小孩所要要求的將越來越多）。s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is petitive.為什么人的智力千差萬別（一個人聰明，而另一個人卻不是）？為什么有些人（一個人）樂于協(xié)作，有些人（另一個人）卻爭強好勝？要解釋這些并不易。As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. 正如你所料，兩種思想流派是截然不同的，而二者理論的支持者之間存在劇烈的爭論。Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost pletely governed by our instincts.這種理論甚至極端地堅持認為，我們的行為模式在很大程度上是先天決定的；因此，我們幾乎完全受我們的本能所支配。 view of the human being is quite mechanistic。It is said that it is a woman39。Furthermore, with pulsory education from the age of five or six, her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases. 此外，隨著五六歲適齡入學，女人作為孩子首席教育家的工作也很快就停止了。Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. 洗衣機的問世將洗衣房里枯燥乏味的工作解放，最新式的洗衣機能完成將大量衣物洗滌到烘干的所有工作，而這些工作都是全自動的。In country after country, talk of nonsmokers’ right is in the air.不吸煙者的權利問題正在一個又一個國家里議論開了。However, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress—and is even encouraged.然而，在許多發(fā)展中國家，吸煙（個人認為應該翻譯成，煙草消費）被視作經濟發(fā)展的標志，更有甚者他們還鼓勵吸煙。World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it. 世界各國政府應該開展嚴肅的禁煙運動。 In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much betteroff if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.在這漫長的禁煙賽跑中，毫無疑問，每個人的生活都將因禁煙而變得美好，然而人們卻并沒有為這場激烈的禁煙戰(zhàn)爭做好準備。It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies. 確實，同時讓如此眾多的人如此頻繁密集地置身于形形色色的社會暗示當中，像這樣的情況，在人類歷史中還從未有過。The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. 大眾媒體并不能筑起教堂，他們如此這般展示這些頑石也并不能使其成為可用之材。）But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be municated through the mass media. 然而，這些抉擇本身所具有的真實難度，還有抉擇時所帶來令人煩惱的難題，這一切都沒有在大眾媒體上得到報道和體現(xiàn)。(觸及到要害)They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted clich233。They will stress the “stimulation” the programs give, but this soon bees an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation itself。Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgement. 公眾媒體需要考慮到不同層次觀眾或讀者的背景情況，然而常常發(fā)生的是Programs such as this are noteworthy less